CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4

BoardCBSE
ClassXII
SubjectPolitical Science
Sample Paper SetPaper 4
CategoryCBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

  1. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
  3. Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
  4. Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
  5. Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
  6. Questions no. 21 is map based question
  7. Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not i exceed 150 words

Question 1.
Mention the Second World War period and Korean War period.

Question 2.
What is a capitalist economy?

Question 3.
What is meant by hegemony?

Question 4.
Why was State Reorganisation Commission set up?

Question 5.
Why were the states reorganised on linguistic basis in India in 195 ?

Question 6.
Give the significance of the following dates.
(i) 8 Aug. 19 7
(ii) 25 March 1957.

Question 7.
Mention the features of SAFTA.

Question 8.
What are the Millennium Development Goals?

Question 9.
“India’s experiment with universal adult franchise appeared very bold and risky.” Justify the statement.

Question 10.
What are the key conflicts associated with Orissa (Odisha) reserved iron resources?

Question 11.
Highlight any two/four major objectives of the Prime Minister Nehru’s foreign policy.

Question 12.
Write a note an Arms Race and its effects.

Question 13.
What were the important land reforms started by the Government of India? Why did some of them become unpopular in India?

Question 14.
What is meant by environment? Suggest any two steps for the environmental improvement.

Question 15.
Bring out three differences each between Socialist Party and the Communist Party and between Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party.

Question 16.
What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer.

Question 17.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
The Soviet system, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens. Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech stifled people who often expressed their dissent in jokes and cartoons. Most of the institutions of the Soviet state needed reform the one-party system represented by the communist party of the Soviet union had tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people. The party refused to recognise the urge of people in the fifteen different republics that formed the Soviet Union to manage their own affairs including their cultural affairs. Although, on paper, Russia was only one of the fifteen republics then together constituted the USSR in reality Russia dominated everything, and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.
(i) What was Soviet system?
(ii) How many republics formed Soviet Union?
(iii) Which republic dominated in the USSR?
(iv) Why did people become dissatisfied with the rule of Communist Party of Soviet Union?

Question 18.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:
Some people argue that it is strategically more prudent to take advantage of the opportunities that hegemony creates. For instance, raising economic growth rates requires increased trade, technology transfers and investment, which are best acquired by working with rather than against the hegemon. Thus, it is suggested that instead of engaging in activities opposed to hegemonic power, it may be advisable to extract benefits by operating within the hegemonic system. This is called the bandwagon strategy.
(i) What is prudent during a period of hegemony?
(ii) What benefits can be acquired within the hegemonic system?
(iii) What is the bandwagon strategy?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4 1
(i) What does the cartoon represent?
(ii) What does the term ‘Tug of war’ refer to?
(iii) Who has been shown on the branches of tree?

Question 20.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
Once an emergency is proclaimed, the federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended and all the powers are concentrated in the hands of the union government. Secondly, the government also gets the power to curtail or restrict all or any of the Fundamental Rights during the emergency. From the wording of the provisions of the Constitution, it is clear that an Emergency is seen as an extra¬ordinary condition in which normal democratic politics cannot function. Therefore, special powers are granted to the government.
(i) When was Emergency imposed?
(ii) Who recommended Emergency to be imposed and to whom?
(iii) Mention the implications of Emergency.

Question 21.
Study the following map of European Union and mark the new member countries and older member countries.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4 2
(i) Given the significance of the circle of stars for Europe.
(ii) Why are there 12 stars in the circle of the European Union flag?
(ii) Name any two members of the European Union.

Question 22.
How are the external powers influencing bilateral relations in South Asia? Take any one example to illustrate your point.
OR
Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN.

Question 23.
Looking at the Indian scenario, what type of security has been given priority in India, traditional or non-traditional? What examples could you cite to substantiate the arguments?
OR
What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?

Question 24.
Analyse any six consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
OR
What were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time of Independence? Has the debate been resolved?

Question 25.
Write a note on the war and peace with Pakistan.
OR
Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress Party in 19 9.

Question 26.
“Emergency was a Blackmark in Indian History”? Comment.
OR
The Bharatiya Kisan Union is a leading organisation highlighting the plight of farmers. What were the issues addressed by it in the nineties and to what extent were they successful?

Question 27.
“The decade of 1980s witnessed tragic turn of events which complicated the problem of Punjab.” Justify the statement in the contest of Operation Blue Star.
OR
Many people think that a two-party system is required for successful democracy. Drawing from India’s experience of last twenty years, write an essay on what advantages the present party system in India has.

Answers

Answer 1.
The Second World War 1939 – 45

Answer 2.
In this economy, land and productive assets are owned and controlled by the capitalists.

Answer 3.
An international system to dominate world by only one superpower.

Answer 4.
It was set up to look into the matter to redraw the boundaries of states.

Answer 5.
States were reorganised on linguistic basis in India in 1956 to maintain unity and integrity of the nation to avoid violence and conflicts among the people.

Answer 6.

  1. 8 Aug. 1967 — ASEAN was established.
  2. 25 March 1957 – Six countries signed the treaties of Rome to establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).

Answer 7.
South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features:

  • Formation of Free Trade Zone for whole South Asia.
  • To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.

Answer 8.
The Millennium Development Goals can be categorised as follows:

  • Environmental Protection
  • Promotion of globalisation
  • Anti-terrorism initiatives
  • Enhancement and protection of Human Rights.

Answer 9.
Because :

  • Country’s vast size and electorates made these elections unusual.
  • The year 1952, it was a big test for poor and illiterate country.
  • Till then, democracy had been existed only in the prosperous countries mainly in Europe and North America where everyone was almost literate.

Answer 10.

  • These iron resources lie in most underdeveloped and predominant tribal districts.
  • Tribal population feared that the setting up of industries would mean displacement from their name and livelihood.
  • The environmentalist feared to be polluted the environment due to mining and industrial activities.

Answer 11.

  • The first objective was to follow NAM, not to join either the military blocs formed by USA or Soviet Union.
  • To promote rapid economic development and maintain cordial relations with other nations.
  • To prefect the territorial integrity.
  • To preserve sovereignty of India and also respecting others sovereignty.

Answer 12.
As all the countries want to protect their military and economic interests to become powerful at international level, a stiff competition emerged among the nations. The powerful and weak both want to become more powerful by stocking arms including nuclear weapons. After the Second World War, it became worse as all the countries including developing nations spent a major portion of their budget on military alliances. The scientists have declared that this blind and unending arms race will harm the food, air and water and ultimately lead to devastation. Money spent on it should be used for welfare purpose.

Answer 13.
To get secure access to land for the poor section of the sociely since independence policies of land reform were implemented to benefit poor and landless poorer section of society. After that various land reforms have been done by the government. Some of them are:

  • Abolition of Zamindari System
  • Consolidation of small land holdings
  • Putting an upper limit or ceiling on the maximum amount of land one can possess.

The main objective of the land reforms was to remove rural poverty and increase agricultural production, but it became unpopular because of the following reasons:

  • Some of these land reforms could not be properly implemented because the land owners had both power and political influence.
  • These land reforms were not defined into laws and remained only on papers.

Answer 14.
Environment refers to surroundings of a region which can be improved by taking following steps:

  1. More focus should be on afforestation i.e. planting more trees to maintain ecological balance, prevent soil erosion and enhance water cycle also.
  2. Eco-friendly industries should be set up as well as industries adherent should be disposed with scientific methods and industries should be established at far away places from populous/residential areas.

Answer 15.
(i) Differences between Socialist party and Communist party:

Socialist PartyCommunist Party
(a) This party believed in ideology of democratic socialism.(a) This party believed in communism.
(b) This party criticised capitalism and for establishment of socialistic state.(b) This party was primarily secular, modern and also authoritarian.
(c) This party wanted more radical and egalitarian nature of the Congress.(c) This party also wanted radical nature of Congress but went through violence to achieve its aims.

(ii) Defferences between Bharatiya jana Sangh and Swtatantra Party:

Bharatiya Jana SanghSwatantra Party
(a) This party emphasised on the ideology of one country, one culture and one nation.(a) This party emphasised on the free economy and less involvement of government in controlling the economy.
(b) This called for a reunity of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat.(b ) It was critical to policy of non-alignment and favoured to have closer relations with the USA.
(c) It was a consistant advocate of India to develop nuclear weapons.(c) It criticised centralised planning nationalisation and one public sector.

Answer 16.
On the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir, the following positions are states as:

  1. Kashmiris were promised to make accession on reference of people after situation created by tribal invasion, becomes normal. But it has not been fulfilled, hence, it generated the demand for “Plebiscite”.
  2. Sometimes, it was felt that special federal status guaranteed by Article 370 has been eroded practically which led the demand for restoration of autonomy or “Greater State Autonomy”.
  3. It is felt that democracy, which is practised in rest of India has not been similarly institutionalised in Jammu and Kashmir.

We prefer the first position because ‘Plebiscite’ provides better opportunity to people of J & K to protect and sustain their regional autonomy in a very democratic manner.

Answer 17.

    • Soviet system was bureaucratic and authoritarian making life difficult for citizens.
    • Soviet system lacked democracy and the freedom of speech of people was also snatched away.
  1. 15 Republics
  2. Russia
    • Soviet Union had tight control over all institutions.
    • Soviet Union was unaccountable to people.
    • Soviet Union Refused 15 Republics to manage their own affairs.

Answer 18.

  • To take advantage of opportunities that a hegemon creates.
  • Increase trade, technology transgers and investment
  • To extract benefits by operating within hegemonic system in place of being engaged in the opposed activities.

Answer 19.

  • Cartoon represents dominance of the Congress which is being tug by opposition parties to throw the Congress out of power.
  • ‘Tug of war’ refers to pulling out the Congress by criticism and mentioning its weaknesses in an honest and justified manner.
  • Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru along with his Cabinet Ministers.

Answer 20.

  1. 25 June 1975.
  2. The Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended to impose Emergency to the President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad.
    • The federal distribution of powes emains practically suspended.
    • All the powers ae concentrated in the hands of Union government.
    • The government also gets power to restrict all of any of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.

Answer 21.

  1. The circle of stars stands for harmony and solidarity between the Europeans.
  2. There are 12 stars in the circle of the European Union flag because, the no. 12 is considered the symbol of unity, perfection and completeness traditionally.
  3. Lithuania and Poland.

Answer 22.
The external powers influence bilateral relations in South Asia because no region exists in the vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers and events no matter how much it may try to insulate itself from non-regional powers:

  1. China and the US remain key players in South Asian politics.
  2. Sino-Indian relations have improved significantly in the last ten years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant.
  3. The demands of development and globalisation have brought the two Asian giants closer and their economic ties have multiplied rapidly since 1991.
  4. The Us enjoys good relations with both India and pakistan and works as a moderator in Indo-Pak relations.
  5. Economic reforms and liberal economic policies in both the countries have increased the depth of American participation.
  6. The large South Asian economy remains in the US and the huge size of population and markets of the region give America an added stake in the future of regional security and peace.

OR

In 1992, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution which reflected three main complaints—

  • The Security Council no longer represents contemporary political realities.
  • Its decisions reflect only Western values and interests and are dominated by a few powers.
  • It lacks equitable representation. In view of these growing demands for the restructuring of the UN, on 1 January, 1997, the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan initiated an inquiry into how the UN should be reformed. How for instance, should new Security Council members be chosen?

In the years since then, the following are just some of the criteria that have been proposed for new permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council. A new member, it has been suggested, should be a major economic power, a major military power, a substantial contributor to the UN budget, etc. Clearly, each of these criteria has some validity. Governments saw advantages in some criteria and disadvantages in others depending on their interests and aspirations.

It has also been suggested that the veto power of the five permanent members should be abolished. Many perceived the veto to be in conflict with the concept of democracy. But there is also a realisation that the permanent members are unlikely to agree to such a reform.

Answer 23.
India has faced traditional (military) and non-traditional threats to its security that have emerged from within as well as outside its borders.
Its security strategy has four broad components i.e.:

  1. To strengthen its military capabilities :
    • India has been involved in conflict with its neighbours as Pakistan in 1947-48, 1965, 1971 and 1999 and China in 1962.
    • In South Asian Region, India is surrounded by nuclear armed countries. Hence, India’s decision to conduct nuclear test in 1998 was justified to safeguard national security.
    • India first tested nuclear device in 1974.
  2. To strengthen international norms and international institutions :
    • India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru supported Asian solidarity, disarmament, decolonisation and the UN as a forum to settle down international conflict.
    • India took initiatives to bring about a universal and non-discriminatory non¬proliferation regime to enjoy some rights and obligations with respect to weapons of mass destruction.
    • It used non-alignment to help to carve out an area of peace outside the blocs.
    • India signed Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to be a part of roadmap for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases to check global warming.
  3. To meet security challenges within the country :
    • Several militant groups from areas such as Nagaland, Mizoram, Punjab, Kashmir have sought to break away from India.
    • India makes efforts to preserve national unity by adopting a democratic political system by providing freedom of speech and expression alongwith the right to vote.
  4. To develop its economy :
    • India develops the way to lift vast mass of citizens out of poverty, misery and huge economic inequalities.
    • A democratically elected government is supposed to combine economic growth with human development without any demarcation between the rich and the poor.

OR

(A) Economic implications of globalisation

  • It involves greater economic flows among various countries.
  • It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries.
  • The restrictions on the imports and movement of capital have also been reduced.
  • This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries.

Impact of globalisation on India

  • More new jobs have been created in the MNCs like cell phones, fast food etc.
  • India is playing a crucial role among developing countries in trade and commerce by making some companies multinational themselves i.e. Tata Motors, Ranbaxy etc.
  • Direct Foreign Investment have also been increased.
  • It has invited inflow of private foreign capital and export-oriented activities.

Answer 24.
Consequences of the partition of India :

  1. The year 1947 was the year of one of the largest, most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that Indian history was known. In the name of religion, people of a community killed and maimed people of the other community. Cities like Lahore, Calcutta (Kolkata) and Amritsar were titled as communal zones.
  2. Muslims would avoid going into areas where mainly Hindus and Sikhs lived. Similarly, the Hindus and Sikhs stayed away from Muslim areas.
  3. People went through immense sufferings because they were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. Minorities on both sides of the border fled their homes and often secured temporary shelter in ‘refugee camps’. They often found helpless local police and administration helpless in what was till recently their own country. They travelled to the other side of the new border by all sorts of means, often by foot. Even during this journey they were often attacked, killed or raped. Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border. They were made to convert to the religion of the abductor and were forced into marriage. In many cases, women were killed by their own family members to preserve the ‘family honour’. Many children were separated from their parents.
  4. Those who did manage to cross the border found that they had no home. For lakhs of these ‘refugees’ the country’s freedom meant life in refugee camps, for a long time,
  5. While recounting the trauma of partition, they have often used the phrase that the survivors themselves used to describe partition—as a division of hearts.
  6. The partition was not merely a division of properties, liabilities and assets, or a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus. The employees of the government and the railways were also divided. Partition forced about 80 lakh people to migrate across the new border. About 5 to 10 lakhs people were killed in partition-related violence. However, beyond the administrative concerns and financial strains, the partition posed another deeper issue, the leaders of the Indian national struggle did not accept the two-nation theory. And yet, partition on religious had taken place.

OR

At the time of Independence, development was about becoming more like the industrialised countries of the West, to be involved with the break down of traditional social structure as well as rise of capitalism and liberalism.

  1. Modernisation referred to growth, material progress and scientific rationality.
  2. India had two models of modern development at the time of independence into considerations to be adopted i.e. the liberal capitalist model like Europe and the US and the socialist model like the USSR.
  3. A debate had been occurred regarding adoption of model of development as communists, socialists and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru supported the socialist model to reflect a broad consensus to be developed during national movement,
  4. Above mentioned intentions cleared that the government made the priority to poverty
    alleviation alongwith social and economic redistribution.
  5. At the same time, these leaders differed and debated:
    • Industrialisation should be the preferred path or
    • Agricultural development should take place, or
    • Rural poverty should be alleviated.

Answer 25.
Indo-Pak conflict started just after partition over the dispute on Kashmir. A proxy war broke, out between the Indian and Pakistani armies in Kashmir during 1947 itself. But this did not turn into a full war. Both the governments of India and Pakistan worked together to restore the women abducted during partition to their original families. A long¬term dispute about the sharing of river waters was resolved through mediation by the World Bank. The India-Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty was signed by Nehru and General Ayub Khan in 1960.„Despite all ups and downs in the Indo-Pak relations, this treaty has worked well.

In April 1965, Pakistan launched armed attacks in the Rann of Kutch area of Gujarat. This was followed by a bigger offensive in Jammu and Kashmir in August-September. Pakistan did not get support from the local people there. In order to ease the pressure on the Kashmir front, Indian Prime Minister Lai Bahadur Shastri ordered Indian troops to launch a counter-offensive on the Punjab border. In a fierce battle, the Indian army reached close to Lahore.

The hostilities came to an end with the UN intervention. Later, Shastri and Pakistan’s General Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Agreement, brokered by the Soviet Union in January 1966.

OR

The formal split in Congress took place in 1969 on the issue of nomination of the candidate during presidential elections:

  1. Despite, Indira Gandhi’s reservations, the Syndicate nominated Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, as the official Congress candidate for ensuing Presidential elections.
  2. Indira Gandhi retaliated the situation by encouraging V.V. Giri, the then Vice-President, to be nominated as an independent candidate.
  3. During election, the then Congress President S. Nijalingappa issued a whip asking all Congress MPs. MLAs to vote for N. Sanjeeva Reddy.
  4. On the other hand, after silently supporting V.V. Giri, the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi openly called for a conscience vote to vote the way they want’.
  5. Elections went in favour of V.V. Giri due to this diplomatic effort and N. Sanjeeva Reddy was defeated.
  6. The defeat of N. Sanjeeva Reddy, the formal Congress candidate, formalised the split of party into two:
    • Congress (0), i.e. organisation led by syndicate, known as Old Congress.
    • Congress (R) i.e. requisitionists led by Indira Gandhi, known as New Congress.

Answer 26.

  • Emergency was declared on the ground of internal disturbances on 25 June 1975 to invoke Article 352 of the Constitution.
  • The Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended to impose Emergency to the President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad.
  • Emergency was one of the most controversial episodes which possessed different virus regarding imposition of Emergency.
  • Emergency practically suspended the democratic functioning.
  • ‘Shah Commission’ exposed many excesses committed during emergency.
  • Emergency highlighted some hidden matters over constitutional battle between the Parliament and judiciary.
  • Tensions or conflicts had been arisen between institution based democracy and popular participation of people.

OR

Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) is an organisation of farmers from the western UP and Haryana regions. It is one of the leading farmers’ movements to protest against the policies of process of liberalisation of Indian economy. The Meerut agitation of farmers was a great show of rural farmers and cultivators.
Issues addressed by BKU :

  • Higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.
  • Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates.
  • To wave off repayments due on loan to farmers.
  • To provide government pension to farmers.
  • Abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of farm produce.

Highlighted the plight of farmers :

  • BKU conducted rallies, demonstrations, and Jail Bharo agitations.
  • These protests involved thousands of farmers-sometimes over a lakh-from various villages in western UP and adjoining regions.
  • BKU operated as a pressure group in politics with its strength of sheer members.

Extent of Success :

  • BKU became the most successful social movements. ‘
  • It sustained for a long time due to clan networks among its members.
  • These networks mobilised funds, resources and activities of BKU.
  • An outcome of political bargaining powers by its members.
  • BKU farmers dominated regional electoral politics also.

Answer 27.
The leadership of Akali movement passed from the moderate Akalis to the extremist elements and took the form of armed insurgency. These militants made their headquarters inside the Sikh holy shrine, the Golden Temple in Amritsar, and turned it into an armed fortress. In June 1984, the Government of India carried out ‘Operation Blue Star’ code name for army action in the Golden Temple.

In this operation, the government could successful flush out the militants, but it also damaged the historic temple and deeply hurt the sentiments of the Sikhs. A large proportion of Sikhs in India and abroad saw the military operation as an attack on their faith and this gave further impetus to militant and extremist groups.

More tragic turn of events complicated the Punjab problem further. On 31 October 1984, the whole nation was in mourning when Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her bodyguards outside her residence. Both the assassins were Sikhs and wanted to take revenge for Operation Blue Star. While the entire country was shocked by this development, in Delhi
and in many parts of northern India violence broke out against the Sikh community. In this violence, hundreds of Sikhs were killed in other parts of the country. Many Sikh families lost their male members and thus suffered great emotional and heavy financial loss.

OR

In the first decade of electoral politics, India did not have a recognised opposition party. But some of vibrant and diverse opposition parties had come into being even before the first General Election of 1952 as the non-Congress parties. Hence, the roots of almost all the non-Congress parties of today can be traced to one or the other of the opposition parties of 1950s.

All these opposition parties gained only a representation, still their presence played a crucial role in maintaining democratic character of system. Hence due to following reasons two party system is required for successful democracy:

  1. Within two party systems, the opposition party offers a sustained and principled criticism of policies and practices of ruling party keeping it under a strict check.
  2. By keeping democratic political alternative alive, these parties prevented the resentment with the system from turning anti-democratic.

On the basis of above mentioned features it is justifiable to have a two party system which have following advantages:

  1. India has arrived at more competitive politics.
  2. Political parties act within the spheres of consensus.
  3. New forms, vision, pathways of development have been identified.
  4. Issues like poverty, displacement, minimum wages, livelihood and social security are being put on political agenda.
  5. Issues of justice and democracy are being voiced by various classes, castes and regions to remind states its responsibility.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 4, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 4

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 4

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 4

BoardCBSE
ClassXII
SubjectPhysical Education
Sample Paper SetPaper 4
CategoryCBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Physical Education is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

  • All questions are compulsory.
  • Answers to questions carrying 1 mark should approximately 10-20 words.
  • Answers to questions carrying 3 marks should approximately 30-50 words.
  • Answers to questions carrying 5 marks should approximately 75-100 words.

Questions:

Question 1.
What do you mean by anxiety? 1

Question 2.
Define Disability and Disorder? 1

Question 3.
What do you mean by motor development? 1

Question 4.
What are postural deformities? 1

Question 5.
What do you mean by ageing? 1

Question 6.
Define energy. 1

Question 7.
Define Yoga? 1

Question 8.
Define Adduction and Abduction movement in sports? 1

Question 9.
Briefly state about menopause. 1

Question 10.
Define nutrition. 1

Question 11.
What do you understand by seeding? 1

Question 12.
Elaborate Yoga asana as a preventive measure of health? 3

Question 13.
Discuss the test items of Barrow General Motor Ability test. 3

Question 14.
Discuss any three physiological factors determining speed. 3

Question 15.
Discuss any three pitfalls of dieting. 3

Question 16.
Elaborate any three physiological benefits of exercise on children. 3

Question 17.
Sudha was a good boxer from her school days. She used to come to school from a remote village. Most of the aged persons of the village used to object her for taking part in boxing. They even said to her father not to allow her for sports but he wanted his daughter to be an international level boxer. He did not listen to them. He tried to give every facility to his daughter. Now after ten years of hard training she has been selected for world cup boxing Championship. She is sure to win laurels for her country. 3
On the basis of above passage answer the following questions:
(i) Do you agree with the views of most of the villagers? Answer in brief.
(ii) What values are shown by Sudha’s father regarding her sports participation?
(iii) What lesson do you learn from the above passage?

Question 18.
Discuss any three advantages of correct posture. 3

Question 19.
Distinguish between Intramural and Extramural programmes. 3

Question 20.
Explain the administration of AAPHER youth fitness test. 5

Question 21.
Elaborate the prevention of sports injuries. 5

Question 22.
Discuss the muscles involved in Throwing? 5

Question 23.
Define strength and discuss the methods of improving strength in detail. 5

Question 24.
Elucidate the psychological effects of regular exercise on individual. 5

Question 25.
Discuss any five effects of exercise on respiratory system. 5

Question 26.
Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knockout basis. 5

Answers.

Answer 1.
Anxiety is feeling of worry, nervousness or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.

Answer 2.
Disability is an injury that restricts the functions or movements of a person. It is a term associated with impairment causing restrictions to the functions and movement of a person.
Disorder is an illness that causes disruption to the functions of a person. It is any ailment that disturbs the health of a person.

Answer 3.
Motor development refers to the development of a child’s bone, muscles and ability to move around and manipulate his environment. Motor development means the development of movement and various motor abilities from birth till death.

Answer 4.
Postural deformities are the improper alignment of body parts. One who has postural deformities cannot perform his work efficiently. Some deformities are Kyphosis, Scoliosis, etc.

Answer 5.
Ageing is an inevitable and extremely complex, multi-factorial process. It is characterized by progressive degeneration of organ systems and tissues.

Answer 6.
Energy is the capacity to do work. However, there are various forms of energy but in the field of games and sports our main concern is about mechanical energy.

Answer 7.
Yoga is a science of balancing between mind, body and spirit. It is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Yuj’in spiritual terms mean the union of the individual consciousness with the universal consciousness.

Answer 8.
Adduction refers to a movement towards the midline or centre, it is a movement of a body part towards the median plane.
Abduction is a movement away from the midline or centre, it refers to any movement of the body part away from the median plane.

Answer 9.
Menopause is the time when a woman stops having menses. It occurs when menstruation ceases for a period of one year. Usually, it occurs in women in mid-life between 45 and 55 years of age.

Answer 10.
Menopause is the time when a woman stops having menses. It occurs when menstruation ceases for a period of one year. Usually, it occurs in women in mid-life between 45 and 55 years of age.

Answer 11.
Seeding, the players participate directly in quarter- final or semi-final. They need not to wait for longer duration.

Answer 12.
Yoga asana for prevention:
(i) Yoga as a rejuvenation activity:

  • Provide Physical Relaxation
  • Prevents Stress
  • Facilitate emotional control

(ii) Yoga as a Supplementary activity:

  • Improves muscle tone
  • Facilitate Physical functioning

(iii) Yoga as a Compensatory activity:

  • Prevent Muscular Disbalance
  • Facilitate Rehabilitation

Answer 13.
Harold M Barrow developed a test of motor ability for college men and high school boys.

  • Standing Broad Jump – to measure power, agility, speed and strength. It is done by taking a long jump with the feets together. Three trials are given. Final score is distance in inches from the best jump
  • Zigzag Run to measure agility and speed. Subject is advised to stand behind the starting line. Running is done in zigzag manner and three rounds are completed.
  • Six Pound Medicine Ball Put – to measure strength of arms and shoulders including their coordination, speed and balance. Subject is advised to put the ball. Three trials are given.

Answer 14.
Factors determining speed.
(i) Mobility of the nervous system – Contraction and relaxation of muscles is controlled by nervous system. Frequency of contraction and relaxation is determined by excitability of nerve impulse.
(ii) Muscle composition – The percentage of white muscle and red muscle fibre is genetically determined and cannot be changed through training.
(iii) Explosive strength – It Depends on, muscle composition muscle size, muscle coordination and metabolic process.

Answer 15.
The Pitfalls of Dieting:
(i) Drinking Your Calories – when we try to lose weight, often the focus is on what you eat and not what you drink. Beverages can play a huge role depending on what you drink. Let’s take a standard Double coffee for example: If you get a medium double from Tim Horton, you will be consuming 210 calories each time. For coffee addicts, this can add up quick. Also consider other calorie ridden beverages such as pop, iced tea, juice, smoothies and flavoured ice drinks.

(ii) Not getting enough protein – I find this is more of an issue with my female clients, but protein is just as important as fibre for filling you up. Protein also helps you to feel more alert. Therefore, if you are eating a morning breakfast with very little protein, you may end up feeling sluggish and be more prone to snacking. You don’t need a lot of protein either: Try adding peanut butter to your toast in the morning or a few walnuts to your cereal or even a boiled egg at your snack. You’ll feel more satisfied and be able to go longer without eating.

(iii) Eating Too Few Calories –1 know it seems a tad backwards but your body has systems from fighting against starvation and some diets are so restrictive they do just that. When we under eat our body goes into ‘starvation mode’, causing our metabolism to drop and for our bodies, to hold on to more calories out of fear that food isn’t widely available. Also eating the same number of calories daily can have the same affect. That’s why it’s a good idea to have a reward meal once per week to prevent this. A reward meal should not turn into a reward week though.

Answer 16.

  1. Exercise Controls Weight – Regular exercise helps in controlling weight. In fact weight gain occurs when child takes more calories than the requirement of his body. The unused or excess calories are accumulated as fats in his body. In this way, he starts gaining weight which ultimately leads him towards overweight and obesity. Nowadays a lot of children not only in India but throughout the world are getting obese which is the root cause of various physiological problems. Regular exercise helps such children in burning excess calories. The more intense the activity or exercise, the more calories they bum. Regular exercise takes the fat away and lowers the excess weight.
  2. Exercise Strengthens Bones – Exercise builds strong bones. As a matter of fact, exercise increases bone density which helps in preventing osteoporosis. If regular exercise is not performed, the bones usually lose their density, becomes weak, fragile and porous.
  3. Exercise Strengthens the Lungs – Exercise is beneficial for children because it enhances the lungs capacity and their efficiency in inhalation and exhalation. It increases the size of lungs. Tidal air capacity and vital air capacity are increased. Even unused alveolus becomes active. So, it can be said that lungs are strengthened and becomes capable to perform various activities for a longer duration.

Answer 17.

  1. No, the villagers depict the orthodox beliefs of domesticating the women and not giving them opportunities for studying or winning name and fame for their country.
  2. Sudha’s father is open minded and motivated her daughter to participate in sports. Open mindedness motivation.
  3. Do fight for the right things. Work hard and believe in yourself.

Answer 18.
(i) Physical Appearance – It is a natural phenomenon that every individual wants to have a good physical appearance. It also becomes more important in the presence of opposite sex. For creating a good impression on the other people, good appearance is prerequisite.
(ii) Grace and efficiency of Movements – Physical posture plays a vital role in the field of sports and games .Sports and games involved various types of movements. Walking, running, jumping and throwing depend upon the abilities of movements .An athlete requires a variety of efficient movement’s .The apex marks can be achieved in the field of sports if movements of the sportsman are efficient and graceful.
(iii) Physical fitness – Physical fitness is essential to live a fruitful life .Physical fitness can be achieved, if you have good posture. The balance, coordination, flexibility etc. are the components of fitness

Answer 19.

IntramuralExtra mural
• within the four walls of the institution.• Outside the four walls of the institution.
• helps in personality development, recre­ation etc.• Provides inference, improves standard of sports.
• refreshes the mood, develops leadership qualities.• provides simple opportunities for schools, children etc.

Answer 20.
AAPHER Youth Fitness Test was formed in 1965 in United States. It was a test in which these items were included:

  • Pull Ups For Boys – to measure arm and shoulder strength.
    Procedure – the bar adjusted according to the height of the subject is used for this test. The student is advised to raise his body so that the chin reaches the level of the bar. One score is awarded for each pull ups. One trial is given.
  • Flexed Arm Stand For Girls – to measure arm and shoulder strength.
    Procedure – the adjusted bar is held with hand grasp. The student lifts her body with help of assistance of testing personnel so that her chin reaches bar level. The elapsed time is taken as score. The score is nearest second.
  • Standing Long Jump – to measure power.
    Procedure – the student is advised to stand on restraining line with feet close and he/she dips at the knee and swinging arms before jumping. The student lands on both feet together. The distance from take offline to the heel is measured in inches. The best of three trials is recorded as final score.
  • 50 Yard Dash – to measure speed.
    Procedure – the student is advised to run 50 yards and the time is recorded nearest to 10th of a second.
  • 600 Yard Run Walk – to measure endurance.
    Procedure – the student is advised to run or walk 600 yards and the time is recorded in minutes and seconds.

Answer 21.

  • Proper conditioning – It is well known fact that many injuries are caused by weak muscles which are not ready to meet the demand of your sports or games. So, getting proper muscular strength, proper conditioning of your body is essential.
    Weight training and circuit training methods are significant methods of proper conditioning. These methods of conditioning also improve the Neuro- muscular coordination which is also helpful in preventing sports injuries.
  • Proper Warming – Before sports training or participation in sports competition, proper warm-up is essential. It definitely reduces the chances of getting injury because muscles remain in tone up position after getting proper warm-up.
  • Nutritional Inadequacy – Balanced diet is also essential for the prevention of sports injuries because the lack of essential minerals and vitamins such as calcium, phosphorous and vitamin ‘D’ etc.
  • Use of protective equipments and facilities – It is an easy and best way to prevent from sports injuries. These protective equipments protect the sportspersons from getting injured. The stress should be laid down on the quality of protective equipments.
  • Unbiased officiating – If the officiating specially in team games is unbiased, the chances of getting injury will be rare. If the officials of the match are biased, there may be more chances of indiscipline among players which may further lead to injuries.

Answer 22.
Throwing comprises of two phases, the preparatory phase and the throwing phase.
Most actions are rotational in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis and the two joints primarily involved are the elbow and shoulder.
The elbow is a hinge joint formed by the humerus and ulna.
The shoulder is a ball and socket joint formed between the humerus and the scapula.

Preparatory phase
Joints involvedArticulating bonesActionAgonist Muscle
ShoulderHumerus & scapulaHorizontal hyperextensionPosterior deltoids and latissimus dorsi
ElbowHumerus & ulnaExtensionTiceps brachii

 

Throwing phase
Joints involvedArticulating bonesActionMuscle
ShoulderHumerus & scapulaHorizontal flexionAnterior deltoids and Pectoralis major
ElbowHumerus & ulnaFlexionBiceps brachii

Answer 23.
Strength is the ability of the muscles to overcome resistance. It is an essential element or component of physical fitness.
Method of Improving Strength Development-Isometric, Isotonic, Isokinetic.

(i) Isometric Exercise –
Theses exercises are not visible. In fact, there are no direct movements, hence they cannot be observed, in these exercises, work is performed but it is not seen directly. In these exercises, a group of muscles carry out tension against the other group of muscles. When these exercises are done, muscles do not change their length. They remain fixed or constant. Although, muscles do not remain constant or still completely. Muscles feel slight tremor if exercise is done for some time. The more we exert strength or force, the more tremors will be in the muscles. In a general term we can say that work is done during these exercises but scientifically, we cannot say that work is done. For example, if we push a concrete wall, we will be unable to move it from its place. So, we should not consider it as work. Our muscles exert force, whole pushing a wall, but we see that work is not done because work is said to be done when the point of application of a force moves. Work done = Force x distance moved in the direction of force.
When we do these exercises, expenditure of energy is a usual phenomenon. Sometimes temperature may increase while performing these exercises. When we do these exercises, expenditure of energy is a usual phenomenon. Sometimes, temperature may increase while performing these exercises. If we perform these exercises regularly, muscles will be changed in relation to size and shape. These exercises are used for the development of strength. The strength improved through isometric exercises is usually not of much value in sports. These exercises need less time and can be performed anywhere because no equipment is required to do these exercises. There are some positive points to do these exercises; hence these exercises can be used for strength development. These exercises are valuable for rehabilitation. These exercises should not be performed by children and untrained people.

(ii) Isotonic Exercise – These exercises are such in which movement can be seen directly. Work is done in these exercises. These exercises tone up the muscles. Muscles become flexible. Length of the muscles can be increased by isotonic exercises. These exercises are of much value in sports field. They are best for strength development. Calisthenics
exercises, running and jumping on the spot, weight training exercises, exercises with medicine ball are the best examples of isotonic exercises. These can be done with or without apparatus.

(iii) Iso-kinetic Exercise – These are performed on specially designed machines. These exercises were developed by Perrine in 1968. These exercises involve a specific type of muscle contraction, which is usually not applicable in sports and games. In isotonic exercises, contraction of muscle applies maximal forces only at a particular angle of ► its range of movement, whereas, in iso-kinetic exercises contraction of muscle applies maximal forces throughout the complete range of movement. According to the individual’s capacity the speed of contraction can be adjusted. The individual, who performs iso-kinetic exercises on machine, should keep in his mind that he has to apply his force throughout the range of movement. By fixing the number of repetition and by reducing or increasing the speed, the Isokinetic exercises can be used effectively for the development of strength. With the help of these exercises explosive strength and strength endurance can also be improved.

Answer 24.
Psychological effects of exercise:

  • Improves mood – exercise is a great source of energy. It helps in changing mood. It
    stimulates various brain toxins which make us feel happy.
  • Develops self-confidence – regular exercise increases strength which leads to better fitness
    and develops self confidence.
  • Reduces depression – exercise act as antidepressant and recreational activities.
  • Reduces anxiety and stress – regular exercise reduces muscle tension, frustration and
    anxiety. Exercise also reduces build up of stress hormones. .
  • Increases relaxation – people who do not work out regularly often face insomnia. Meditation is also a great source of relaxation.
  • Improves self-esteem – regular exercise improves body image, self-worth and self esteem.

Answer 25.
(i) Strong will – power. Regular exercises increase will- power of the individual. As pranayama, the specific exercise for lungs increases the will power of the doer.

(ii) Increase in tidal air capacity – Tidal air is the amount of air that flows in and out of the lungs in quiet respiratory movement. But tidal air capacity is the amount of air that can be breathed in and breathed out, over and above the tidal air by the deepest possible inspiration/expiration respectively. It is estimated at about 500-800 cc. after doing regular exercise, it has been noted that this tidal air capacity can be increased.

(iii) Decrease in Rate of Respiration – It is certain that when a beginner starts exercise, the rate of respiration increases. But when the same individual performs exercise daily, his rate of respiration decreases in comparison to the beginning stage at rest.

(iv) Strengthens Diaphragm and Muscles – Regular exercise strengthens the diaphragm and muscles of the chest.

(v) Avoids Second Wind – For a beginner, the stage of second wind is, indeed, a crucial stage. But for a regular exercise, it is hardly felt sometimes when experienced athlete does not feel it in his course of activity.

(vi) Unused Alveoles become active – Regular exercise activates the unused alveolus because much amount of 02 is required in vigorous and prolonged exercise of daily routine. The passive alveolus becomes active.

Answer 26.
Total number of teams =11
Upper half = n + 1/2 = 11 + 1/2 = 6
Lower half = n – 1/2 = 11 – 1/2 = 5
Power of two’s = 24 n. of teams = 16-11= 5
No. of Byes = 5
No. of Byes in Lower Half = nb + 1/2 = 5 + 1/2 = 3
No. of Byes in Upper Half = nb – 1/2 = 5 – 1/2 = 2
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 4 1

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 3

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education  Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education  Paper 3.

BoardCBSE
ClassXII
SubjectPhysical Education
Sample Paper SetPaper 3
CategoryCBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of
Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Physical Education is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

  • All questions are compulsory.
  • Answers to questions carrying 1 mark should approximately 10-20 words.
  • Answers to questions carrying 3 marks should approximately 30-50 words.
  • Answers to questions carrying 5 marks should approximately 75-100 words.

Questions.

Question 1.
Define yoga? 1

Question 2.
What do you mean by correct Posture? 1

Question 3.
What do you understand by Circuit Training? 1

Question 4.
Define flexibility and its type in sports? 1

Question 5.
What do you mean by Physical Activity? 1

Question 6.
What is contusion? 1

Question 7.
What do you mean by stroke volume? 1

Question 8.
Define Friction in sports? 1

Question 9.
Define Aerodynamics in sports? 1

Question 10.
Define Flexion and Extension? 1

Question 11.
What is knockout Tournament? 1

Question 12.
Describe the Disability Etiquettes required for inclusivity in physical education program? 3

Question 13.
Briefly discuss the deformities of spinal curvature? 3

Question 14.
Describe the Asanas helpful for health and wellness? 3

Question 15.
Elucidate the meaning and need of food supplements for children? 3

Question 16.
Differentiate between Disability and Disorder among children? 3

Question 17.
My uncle facing age-related health problems especially high blood sugar obesity and
hypertension etc. I consulted my physical education teacher regarding my uncle’s problems because once he had discussed this topic in my class. He told me that he will meet my uncle at home. He came and suggested my uncle to start regular exercise or walking for at least one hour. My uncle started regular walking. After few months his above mentioned problems reduced.
On basis of the above passage answer the following questions. 3
(i) What values are shown by the physical education teacher and the nephew?
(ii) What are the common age -related health problems?
(iii) Do physical activity help in maintaining functional fitness of aged population? State in brief.

Question 18.
What are the aims of sports medicine? Describe any two aims in brief. 3

Question 19.
Explain any three objectives of intramurals. 3

Question 20.
Draw fixture of 19 teams on knockout basis. 5

Question 21.
Define speed and discuss the types of speed in detail. 5

Question 22.
Mention the management of sprain in detail. 5

Question 23.
Define motivation? Elucidate any four techniques of motivation. 5

Question 24.
Enumerate any five effects of exercise on muscular system? 5

Question 25.
Discuss the muscles involved in running? 5

Question 26.
Describe the procedure for administering Rikli and Jones Sr. Citizen fitness Test. 5

Answers.

Answer 1.
Yoga is a science of balancing between mind, body and spirit. It is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Yuj’ in spiritual terms mean the union of the individual consciousness with the universal consciousness.

Answer 2.
“Correct posture is applied to right position of the body assumed while doing any action so that minimum energy is consumed in order to get maximum efficiency.

Answer 3.
Is a method of training that maximizes the volume of work done in a short period of time through the help of different training stations lined up in a planned order of workout. Circuit training is a great tool to use for people who are interested in weight loss, muscle gain and overall strength increases.

Answer 4.
Flexibility is the ability to execute movements with greater amplitude or range.
There are three types of flexibility in sports:

  • Dynamic flexibility
  • Static Active flexibility
  • static passive flexibility

Answer 5.
Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Level of physical activity can be between moderate to high, walking, jogging, participating in sports are examples of physical activity.

Answer 6.
Contusion – Direct impact with blunt object which causes bleeding deep with muscles due to damage in capillaries. It is in bluish color due to tom blood vessels. It is also commonly called as bruise.

Answer 7.
Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is an important determinant of cardiac output, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. The stroke volume at rest remains up to 50-70 ml/beat in untrained individuals, 70-90 ml/beat in trained individual and 90-110 ml/beat in elite endurance athletes.

Answer 8.
The action of one surface or object rubbing against another. It is the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

Answer 9.
Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. It is related to the flow of air around a projectile, which can influence the speed and direction of the object. Aerodynamics in sports study of how air resistance and drag affect sports objects and influence performance.

Answer 10.
Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Flexion at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. When the knee flexes, the ankle moves closer to the buttock, and the angle between the femur and tibia gets smaller.
Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. Extension of the knee straightens the lower limb.

Answer 11.
Knock- out Tournament – Most of the tournaments are organized on the basis of knock-out. In this type of tournament, a team which is once defeated, automatically gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams continue in the tournament. It means that second opportunity is not given to the defeated team.

Answer 12.

  • Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach people with disabilities. Always use person Disability in writing or addressing.
  • Keep you tone low
  • Communicate with them slowly and clearly.
  • If necessary use communication add as communication book or communication device.
  • Give them time to respond. It should be two way communication.
  • Ask them before offering any help
  • Never do physical or verbally bully to them or about them in your surrounding
  • Never play with their equipment’s
  • Make surrounding disable friendly and comfortable.
  • Make rapport with them for example talk about their liking or disliking

Answer 13.
Deformity of spine is any abnormality of the formation, alignment, or shape of the vertebral column. Spine deformity can happen when unnatural curvature occurs, as in scoliosis (side-to-side curvature), lordosis or kyphosis There are three types of spinal deformities.

  • Kyphosis
  • Lordosis
  • Scoliosis
  1. Kyphosis – Kyphosis is an abnormal posterior curve, usually found in the thoracic region of the spine. As such, it is an exaggeration of the normal posterior curve (flexion).
  2. Lordosis – Excessive or hyperlordosis is commonly referred to as swayback or saddle back, a term that originates from the similar condition that arises in some horses. A major factor of lordosis is anterior pelvic tilt, when the pelvis tips forward when resting on top of the femurs.
  3. Scoliosis – Scoliosis is a lateral curvature or deviation (right or left) of the spine and associated with vertebral rotation. In scoliosis, the vertebral column seen from the front or back is no longer straight. It is Postural adaptation of the spine in lateral direction. A simple or single curve to the left or convexity left is commonly called a ‘c’ curve. Scoliosis curves may be found in ‘S’ shape.

Answer 14.
Asana are very effective for health and wellness

  • Meditative Asana – Meditative asana posture are very effective for:
    (a) Energy balancing of the body
    (b) For performing pranayam
    (c) Remove dosha from the body
    (d) Providing concentration and attention
    Example: Padamasan, Vajrasan, Sukhasan
  • Cultural Asana – are the asana posture resembling various objects and help in:
    (a) Improving flexiblility of the body
    (b) Develop muscular strength
    (c) Improves functioning of body systems
  • Relaxative Asana – are the asana postures without any movement and with great stability, it helps in:
    (a) Relaxation of the body
    (b) Normalization of the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Answer 15.

  • Develops immunity.
  • Enhance growth and development.
  • Add on to taste, which is greatly required if child lacks nutrition.
  • Their excess dosage may lead to harm, esp a the fat soluble items.

Meaning and Need of Food Supplements for children.

  • Meaning of food supplement. Food supplement means a nutrient that is added to your diet to nurish your body that you are not getting in your regular diet. Food supplements generally include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids or amino acids, among other substances. These supplements may be in the form of a tablet or powder which can be added to water or milk for consumption.
  • Need of food supplements for children: No doubt that food supplements play a vital role is the proper growth and development of children. Though, it is not essential to consumer food supplements but it becomes necessary when there is a lack of proper nutritions diet. In fact, it can be said that food supplements are unnecessaiy if a child takes a balanced diet regularly. Moreover, there are various food supplements which have no practical effect. For example, food supplement omega-3 fatty acids has been shown to be without benefit for health by children.

Answer 16.

  1. Any degree of physical disability, malformation or disfigurement that is caused by bodily injury, birth defect or illness, includes, epilepsy, a brain injury, any degree of paralysis, amputation, lack of physical coordination, blindness or visual impairment, deafness or hearing impairment, speech impairment
  2. A condition of mental impairment or a developmental disability
  3. A learning disability, or a dysfunction in one -or more of the processes involved in understanding or using symbols or spoken language
  4. It is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these. It substantially affects a person’s life activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person’s lifetime.
  5. Disorder is the disturbance which affects the normal functions that is performed by an individual.
  6. ADHD – Attention deficit hyper disorder
  7. ASD – Autism spectrum disorder
  8. SPD – Sensory processing disorder
  9. ODD
  10. Down syndrome(Syndrome)
  11. Cerebral palsy
  12. Learning disorder

Answer 17.
(i) Values:

  • Importance toward exercise
  • Motivation for healthy life style
  • Concern for age-related issue
  • Consulting an expert for professional support

(ii) Common age – related health problems

  • Blood Pressure
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension

(iii)Physical activity is an effective medium toward health life style and wellbeing. Elderly people can benefit a lot with regular exercise and activity. Low intensity or moderate activities like walking, yoga, gardening are very effective for maintaining muscle tone, heart functioning, respiratory system and provided enough oxygen to various parts of the body for optimal physiological functioning of the body. Physical activity also help in providing social cohesion and opportunity to interact with people for social development and helps to maintain emotional health of elderly people.

Answer 18.
“Sports medicine is a branch of medical science that deals with treatment of injuries related to sports and games.
Aims and scope of sports Medicine:

  • To provide the knowledge about the causes of injuries – it is well known fact that each injury has specific causes. Another aim of sports medicine is to provide the knowledge about the causes of injuries. There were no injuries or any kind of misconduct during the event may be various causes of injuries such as improper conditioning, faulty techniques, improper warming up, environment factors, improper fitness, etc.
  • To provide means of treatment for sports injuries and for rehabilitation of injuries – Aim , of sports medicine is to provide means of treatment of sports injuries and for rehabilitation
    of injuries. After providing first aid to the injured sportsperson, the specialist of sports medicine must be informed of providing treatment to the injured athlete, various medical treatments such as hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, and infrared rays may be used.

Answer 19.
Objectives of Intramurals:

  • To provide opportunity to every student to participate in games and sports- To provide ample opportunities to every student in games and sports is one of the major objectives of intramurals. Generally few students are able to participate in zonal level and district level games and sports .So, the mass participation of students from a school is impossible at such levels of competitions. But in intramurals each and every student can take part in games and sports.
  • To develop the leadership qualities among students-Intramural activities are helpful in developing leadership qualities among the students who participate in these activities. Although all the students do not become the leaders yet intramural activities help in developing the leadership qualities among those students, who have some innate qualities of leadership.
  • To develop the feeling of cooperation – It is really very difficult to get success alone in the field of sports and games. In fact, cooperation is essential to achieve an apex position in games and sports. Intramural activities help in developing the feeling of cooperation among students.

Answer 20.
Total number of teams =19
Upper half = n + 1/2 = 19+1/2 = 10
Lower half = « — 1/2 = 19-1/2 = 9
Power of two’s = 24n of teams =
32-19=13

No. of Byes =13
No. of Byes in Lower Half = nb + 1/2 13 + 1/2 = 7
No. of Byes in Upper Half = nb – 1/2 13 – 1/2  = 6

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 3 1

Answer 21.
Speed as the rate at which a person can propel his body or parts of his body”.
Speed is the ability to move from one place to another in the shortest possible time. It means that the velocity with which an individual can execute his movements. In other words, it means the capacity of moving a body part or the whole body with the greatest possible velocity. For example, the movement of a smasher’s arm in volleyball has the maximum speed or velocity at the time of smashing the volley ball.
Types of Speed:
Speed appears in different forms in different sports. The main forms in which speed appears are stated below:

  • Reaction Ability – Reaction ability depends completely on coordinative processes. So, it is also considered a coordinative ability. Reaction ability is the ability to react effectively I and quickly to any action or signal. In games and sports signals can be of various types such as visual or tactile. In games and sports, reaction ability is not only significant to react quickly to a signal but the reaction should also be accurate according to situation. Reaction ability can be classified into simple reaction ability and complex reaction ability,
    (a) Simple Reaction Ability It is the ability to react quickly in already determined manner to a known signal. For example, the reaction of a racer in the start of sprint races is already known to the racer.
    (b) Complex Reaction Ability It is the ability to react quickly and accurately to undetermined or unexpected signals. These signals are unexpected for sportsperson because he does not know when and to which signal he has to react such as facing a ball in cricket by a batsman.
  • Acceleration Ability – It is the ability to achieve maximum speed from a stationary position or from low speed state. Generally, sprinters achieve their maximum speed after approximately six seconds. This ability mainly depends upon explosive strength, technique and flexibility. This ability is important in all games and sports in which maximum speed f are to be achieved in quickly such as races, swimming (short distance), hockey, football and gymnastics etc.
  • Movement Speed – It is the ability to do a movement in minimum time. It depends upon technique, explosive strength, flexibility and coordinative abilities. It plays a vital role in boxing, wrestling, throws, jumps, gymnastics, and turns in swimming and in sprinting starts. It can be measured by the time taken to complete the movement.
  • Locomotor Ability – It is the ability to maintain maximum speed for maximum time or distance. This ability is very significant in only a few sports events such as 100m, 200m, 400m races, short sprints in track cycling, speed skating, swimming, hockey and footballetc.
  • Speed Endurance – Speed endurance is the ability to perform movements with high speed under conditions of fatigue. Speed endurance is a very complicate ability which depends upon explosive strength, speed and endurance. It also depends upon technique, local muscular endurance and lactic tolerance ability.

Answer 22.
Sprain-Sprain: It is a ligament injury. It may occur due to overstretching or tearing of ligament. Generally, sprain occurs at wrist joint and ankle joint Sometimes, fracture is also possible
along with the sprain. In such injury, swelling, inflammation, severe pain and tenderness are common symptoms. There can be laxity in the ligament. All the above mentioned symptoms depend on the severity of sprain.
Prevention:

  1. A thorough warm-up is necessary for preventing sprain, specially all the joints should be exercised well during warm-up.
  2. Proper conditioning should be done during the preparatory phase. 3. All the sports equipments must be of good quality.
  3. Playfields/Courts should be smooth and clean.
  4. Good officiating is essential for preventing such injury.

Answer 23.
Motivation is the internal process that activate, guide and Maintain behaviour. It is one of the main determinant of an individual’s behavior. The term ‘motivation ‘is derived from the word ‘Motive’. Motive is a combination of thought, feeling or condition that causes one to act. Human behavior is controlled, directed and modified through certain motives. Motivation is one main psychological factor which affects the performance. It means to be inspired to do something. Technique of Motivation

  • Goal Setting: It is one of the most important techniques of motivation. If you do not see a goal, you cannot achieve apex positions in your life. So, the sportspersons should be encouraged to set a few ambitious but achievable long term goals according to their capabilities and capacities the coaches or physical education teachers should not too rigid while setting a goal for a sportsperson.
  • Elaborate arrangement of competitions: It plays a very significant role in motivation. Sportspersons perform better in competitions if there are elaborate arrangements of competitions.
  • Presence of Opposite Sex: Opposite sex plays a vital role in motivation. This is an innate tendency of human beings. Even girls as well as boys try to be smart, active in the presence of opposite sex.
  • Spectators: If there is a huge number of a spectator, it will have a positive effect on the players. But its effectiveness depends upon the experience and maturity of athletes. An inexperienced athlete is usually overpowered by fear.

Answer 24.
Muscular system:

  1. Change in shape and size of muscle.
  2. Formation of more capillaries
  3. Muscle remains in tone position
  4. Controls extra fat
  5. Change in the connective tissue (becomes Powerful)
  6. Efficiency in the movement of muscles.
  7. Delays Fatigue.
  8. Increases food storage.
  9. Exercise makes figure beautiful.

Answer 25.
Muscular Analysis of Sprinting:

  1. The leg action in running is one that takes place in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints.
  2. The bones of the hip involved are the femur and pelvic girdle which form a ball and socket joint.
  3. The bones of the knee involved are the femur and tibia which form a hinge joint.
  4. The bones of the ankle involved are the tibia and calcaneus which form a modified joint.

Each of these joints produces two actions, one when the leg is in contact with the ground (driving phase) and one when the leg is not in contact with the ground (recovery phase).

Driving Phase
JointsActionAgonist Muscles
HipExtension and hyper extensionGluteal muscles (gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus) and Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
KneeExtensionQuadriceps group of muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedialis)
AnklePlantar FlextionGastrocnemius

 

Recovery phase
JointsActionAgonist Muscles
HipFlexionIliopsoas
KneeflexionHamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
AnkleDorsi FlexionTibialis anterior

Answer 26.
Rikli And Jones Senior Citizens Fitness Test was developed by Dr. Roberta and Dr. Jessie Jones of Fullerton University. It includes:

  • Chair Stand Test – to measure leg strength and endurance
    Procedure – the Subject is advised to sit on the chair with arms crossed around the wrists and hands are kept close to the chest. After this, the subject stands completely and then reaches again the same sitting position. This activity is repeated for 30 seconds.
  • Arm Curl Test – to measure upper body strength
    Procedure – the subject sits on the chair keeping the back straight and holds weight in strong hand. The subject performs arm curls in 30seconds.
  • Back Scratch Test – to measure range of motion of shoulder
    Procedure – the subject is advised to stand initially. After this, one hand is placed behind the head and other arm is bent behind the back. Test administrator helps in guiding the subject about the alignment of the fingertips. If the tip of both index finger touches, then the score is awarded zero. In case it is no, touching the gap is measured and this is awarded as negative score. While overlapping distance is given as positive score. Reading is taken twice and the best score is awarded.
  • Eight Foot Up and Go Test – to measure speed, agility and balance while moving Procedure – a cone is placed 8 feet away from the chair which is placed away from wall. On the command “go” the subject starts before sitting on chair. The subject is advised to walk briskly and turn around the cone and again sits on the chair. The time is measured for this whole activity. The two trials are conducted. The best trial is counted for scoring.
  • Six Minute Walk Test – to measure aerobic fitness
    Procedure – the walking course is marked in a 50 yard (45.72 meters) rectangular area dimensions 45 x 5 yards.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 3 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3

BoardCBSE
ClassXII
SubjectPolitical Science
Sample Paper SetPaper 3
CategoryCBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

  1. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
  3. Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
  4. Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
  5. Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
  6. Questions no. 21 is map based question
  7. Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not i exceed 150 words

Question 1.
When did Socialist Revolution take place in Russia?

Question 2.
Which two languages were spoken in Bombay state before it was divided in 1960?

Question 3.
What is Development?

Question 4.
Mention the names of member states of SAARC.

Question 5.
Name the members of Security Council who have used veto power for the maximum and minimum number of times respectively.

Question 6.
Mention some points of agreement between India and Nepal.

Question 7.
Which interests were hidden behind the conflicts between Hindus and Muslims at the time of independence?

Question 8.
Who founded the Congress Party and why?

Question 9.
What is the meaning and importance of Economic Planning in Indian context?

Question 10.
In which context India started participating in the world affairs as an independent nation j state?

Question 11.
Access any four principles of India’s foreign policy.

Question 12.
What does the term ‘syndicate’ mean in the context of the Congress party of the sixties? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party?

Question 13.
How can we see re-emergence of Indira Gandhi to power in 1971?

Question 14.
Is terrorism a traditional or non-traditional threat to security?

Question 15.
What is meant by Global Commons? How are they exploited and polluted?

Question 16.
Mention negative impact of globalisation.

Question 17.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced both civilian and military rulers, with Bangladesh remaining democracy in the Post-Cold War period. Pakistan began the Post-Cold War period with successive democratic governments under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif respectively. But it suffered a military coup in 1999 and has been run by a military regime since then. Till 2006 Nepal was a constitutional monarchy with the danger of the king taking over executive powers. In 2006, a successful uprising led to restoration of democracy and reduced the king to a nominal position. From the experience of Bangladesh and Nepal, we can say that democracy is becoming an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia.
(i) How did Pakistan begin with Post-Cold War period?
(ii) Mention two reasons for the aspiration of democracy in South Asia.
(iii) Why are these findings significant?

Question 18.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
Thus, with the elections of 1989, a long phase of coalition politics began in India. Since then, there have been nine governments at the Centre, all of which have either been coalition governments or minority governments supported by other parties, which did not join the government. In this new phase, any government could be formed only with the participation or support of many regional parties. This applied to the National Front in 1989, the United Front in 1996 and 1997, the NDA in 1997. BJP-led coalition in 1998, NDA in 1999 and the UPA in 2004.What is meant by coalition politics?
(ii) Name any two regional political parties which were a part of coalition government.
(iii) Write the full form of NDA.
(iv) What does a minority government mean?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 1
(i) What does the cartoon comment?
(ii) What is referred under the title ‘Yesterday’?
(iii) What message does the title ‘Today’ convey?

Question 20.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Countries have conflicts and differences with each other. That does not necessarily mean they must go to war to deal with their antagonisms. They can, instead, discuss contentious issues and find peaceful solutions; indeed, even though this is rarely noticed, most conflicts and differences are resolved without going to war. The role of an international organisation can be important in this context. An international organisation is not a super-state with authority over its members. It is created by and responds to states. It comes into being when states agree to its creation. Once created, it can help member states resolve their problems peacefully.
(i) Is this necessary to engage into wars during conflicts among countries?
(ii) Is an international organisation a super state?
(iii) What is the significance of international organisation?

Question 21.
On a political outline map of the world, locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 2
(i) Five permanent members of UN Security Council and symbolise them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
(ii) Locate and label peace keeping operations.

Question 22.
“The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.” Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.
OR
Did the prevalence of a ‘one-party dominant system’ affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics?

Question 23.
What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan? In which ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one? 6
OR
What was Shock Therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism?

Question 24.
“Resistance is the only option available to overcome the hegemony.” Justify the statement by comparing it to other anti-hegemony strategies. 6
OR
What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?

Question 25.
Do movements and protests in a country strengthen democracy? Justify your answer with examples. 6
OR
Describe the secessionist movement of Mizos. How as per the provisions of the Constitution, was it resolved on accommodation of diversities?

Question 26.
Many people think that a two-party system is required for successful democracy. Drawing from India’s experience of last twenty years, write an essay on what advantages the present party system in India has.

Question 27.
Analyse any six consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
OR
How can the US hegemony be checked?

Answers

Answer 1.
1917.

Answer 2.
Gujarati and Marathi.

Answer 3.
Development refers to the process of improving living standard of country/people and economic level in reference to industrialisation and modernisation to be judged by the improvements in the quality of life.

Answer 4.
India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan and Maldives.

Answer 5.
Maximum – 122 times by Russia
Minimum – 4 times by China

Answer 6.
India and Nepal enjoy the following agreements :

  1. Allow their citizens to travel and work without visas and passport.
  2. India is the largest aid giver to Nepal to provide financial and technical assistance in areas of trade, scientific cooperation, common natural resources and electricity generation.

Answer 7.
Hindu and Muslim communities bear some political interests at the time of independence:

  1. Muslim League demanded a separate nation for Muslims to protect the interests of Muslims only.
  2. There were some Hindu organisations also which made efforts to look after the interests of Hindus only to make India a ‘Hindu Nation’.

Answer 8.
Congress was founded by Dr. A.O. Hume in 1885 as a view to express the feelings of discontentment changed to a political party in the form of social and ideological coalition i by accommodating different social groups and individuals holding different beliefs and ideologies. Even in pre-independence days, many organisation and parties with their own Constitutions and organisational structures were allowed to exist within the Congress.

Answer 9.
Economic Planning in India refers to a systematic regulation of economic activities by government to reduce the wastage of time and resources:

  • Economic planning helps to achieve national goals in a continuous process of development.
  • It is a rational process to associate with the future needs and goals to evaluate alternate proposals also.

Answer 10.

  • British government left the legacy of many international disputes.,
  • Priority to the poverty alleviation.
  • Pressures created by the partition.

Answer 11.
India’s foreign policy is based on principles of Panchsheel, which is derived from two words ‘Panch’ means Five and ‘Sheel’ means a ‘Code of Conduct’ for peaceful co-existence.
Principles :

  • Panchsheel
  • Non-alignment (NAM)
  • Mutual benefits and equality
  • Mutual non-aggression
  • Non-intervention in each others international affairs
  • To maintain international peace and understanding

Answer 12.
Syndicate was a group of powerful and influential leaders from within the Congress :

  1. Syndicate was led by K. Kamaraj, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and the then president of Congress party. It also includes some powerful leaders like S.K. Patil, S. Nijalingappa, N. Sanjeeva Reddy and Atulya Ghosh.
  2. In the sixties, Syndicate played a decisive role by installing both Lai Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi as a Prime Minister.
  3. Syndicate played decisive say in Indira Gandhi’s first Council of Ministers and formation and implementation of policies.
  4. After a split, two groups in Congress were created i.e. Congress (O), led by Syndicate and Congress (R), led by Indira Gandhi.
  5. Congress (R) won popularity after 1971 and Syndicate lost power and prestige.

Answer 13.
Congress (R) under Indira Gandhi had an issue, an agenda and a positive slogan which was lacked by its opponents. The ‘Grand Alliance’ had only one common programme ‘Indira Hatao’

  1. In contrast to this, Indira Gandhi put forward a positive slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’.
  2. By this, she generated a support base among poor, minorities, landless labourers, dalit, women and unemployed youth.
  3. Except it, she focused on the growth of public sector, imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property, removal of disparity etc.
  4. Thus, the slogan of Garibi Hatao and programmes became the part of Indira Gandhi’s political strategy of building an independent nationwide political support base during the electoral contest of 1971.

Answer 14.
Terrorism is a non-traditional threat to wound the peace and order in the country:

  • Terrorism refers to political violence to target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately.
  • Civilians are usually terrorised to be it as a weapon against national government and other parties in the conflict.
  • Terrorism involves hijacking planes or planting bombs in trains, cafes, markets and other crowded places.
  • After a terrorist attack on World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001, the other governments and public also are paying more attention to terrorism.

Answer 15.
The areas or regions located outside the jurisdiction of any one state and region, common governance by international community are Global Commons i.e. Earth atmosphere, Antarctic Ocean floor and outer space. They are exploited and polluted due to

  • Vague scientific evidences, their lack of consensus on common environmental issues.
  • North-South inequalities and their exploitative activities and competition lack proper management area out space.
  • Technological and Industrial development have also affected the earth’s atmosphere and ocean floor.

Answer 16.

  • Globalisation has not generated much more employment opportunities because it needs highly skilled people only.
  • The foreign companies focus on their profit orientation projects only in place of social welfare.
  • It has widened income disparities by making the rich richer and the poor more poorer.
  • Gradually, globalisation is also a reason for depletion of flora and fauna in country.
  • Even farmers are supposed to be well educated if they want to use modern methods of cultivation.

Answer 17.

  1. Pakistan began with Post-Cold War period with successive democratic government under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.
  2. Ordinary citizens rich or poor or belonging to different religions or institutions view democracy more suitable and support them.
  3. Because it was earlier believed that democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous countries of the world.

Answer 18.

  • Coalition politics does not have majority even to a single party but parties may enter into an alliance or get support of other parties to form government.
  • NDA and United Front
  • National Democratic Alliance
  • Minority governments are supported by other parties which did not join the government.

Answer 19.

  • Cartoon comments on the changing scenario due to globalisation.
  • It refers to earlier conditions of developing countries who were starving due to less growth in their economy.
  • Globalisation opened doors for new entrants from developing nations and resulted into brain drain.

Answer 20.

  • No, instead countries can discuss contentious issues to find peaceful solutions.
  • No, it is created by and responds to states and comes into being when study agrees to its creation.
  • To help member states to resolve problems peacefully without going to war.

Answer 21.

    • France
    • Russia
    • The UK
    • The US
    • China
    • Cyprus 1964
    • Lebanon 1978
    • Israel 1974
    • Sudan 2005
    • East Timor 2006

Answer 22.

  1. The States Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1953 by the Central Government to redraw the boundaries of the states.
  2. The Commission accepted that the boundaries of the state should reflect the boundaries of different languages. On the basis of this, the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. This led to creation of 14 states and 6 union territories.
  3. In the early phase, it was felt that linguistic states may foster separation and create pressures on newly founded nation. But India considered democracy and federalism by making a favour to linguistic states only. It was hoped that if people accept the regional and linguistic claims of all regions, the threat of division and separatism would be reduced. When linguistic states were formed, they –
    • enhanced democratic practices.
    • reduced separatist attitude by accepting the religional linguistic claims of all religions.
    • provided a uniform base to the nation and strengthened unity of nation.
    • promoted the principle of unity in diversity, a distinct feature of nation.

Therefore, the accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.

OR

No, the prevalence of one party dominance system did not affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics because:

  1. The key role of the Congress in the freedom struggle gave it a head start over others.
  2. The Congress accommodated diversified interests, religion, beliefs and aspirations to strengthen democracy.
  3. Despite being taken place of free and fair elections, Congress won elections in the same manner again and again.
  4. The Congress Party consisted of various factions inside itself, based on ideological considerations who never taught together or went out of Congress.
  5. Hence, on the basis of above mentioned criterion, it can be concluded that Congress

Answer 23.
The First Five Year Plan was commenced in 1951 to be drafted by young economist K.N. Roy with the emphasis on poverty alleviation. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India presented this to the Parliament of India. Its main thrusts were as follows:

  1. To invest in dams and irrigation to improve agricultural sector with the urgent attention.
  2. Huge allocations were made for large scale projects like Bhakra-Nangal dam.
  3. It focused on land reforms for the development in rural areas.
  4. It aimed to increase level of national income. The First Five Year plan differed from the Second Five Year plan:
    • The Second Five Year Plan stressed on heavy industrialisation.
    • It wanted to bring quick structural transformation in all possible directions in place of slow and steady growth like First Five Year Plan.

OR

Shock Therapy was a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. This transformation system was influenced by the world bank and the IMF in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe. Though it varies in intensity and speed amongst the former second world countries but its direction and features were quite siihilar.
This was not the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism due to following drawbacks:

  1. Russia, the large state controlled industrial complex lost about 90 per cent of its industries through sales to private individuals and companies.
  2. It created “the largest garage sale in history” which led virtual disappearance of entire industries for the restructuring was carried out by market forces in place of government owned policies.
    Hence, industries were undervalued and sold at throwaway prices.
  3. It systematically destroyed old system of social welfare.
  4. The value of‘ruble’, the Russian currency, declined dramatically due to high rate of inflation and real GDP of Russia also declined between 1989 to 1999.
  5. The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of society into poverty and it emerged mafia to start controlling many economic activities.
  6. Privatisation led to new disparities which divided Russia between rich and poor people creating economic inequality.
  7. Hence, Shock Therapy brought ruin to economies and disaster upon the people of entire region.

Answer 24.
Bandwagon Strategy :

  1. The best way to resist hegemony is to work with other than against the hegemony. So, instead of engaging in activities opposed to hegemonic power, it may be to extract benefits by operating within the hegemonic system. .
  2. Another strategy named ‘Hide’ implies staying away from the dominant power as far as possible. All the big powers like China, Russia, the European Union are seeking to stay below the radar but this cannot go on for a long time.
  3. Some people believe that resistance to the US hegemony is the only solution but not from states who are unable to face the hegemony.
  4. Therefore, challenges to the US hegemony will emerge in the economic and cultural realms and will come from a contribution of Non-Governmental organizations social movements and public opinion.
  5. Resistance may be from the section of media and intellectuals, artists and writers.

OR

As a supernational organisation, the European Union bears economic, political diplomacy and military influence as a regional organisation in the following manner:

  1. Economic Influence :
    • Three times larger share in world trade than the US.
    • Its currency Euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.
    • The EU functions as an important bloc in the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
  2. Political and Diplomatic Influences :
    • The EU also includes various non-permanent members of the UNSC.
    • The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except the military force i.e. the EU’s dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.
  3. Military Influence :
    • The EU’s combined armed forces are second largest in the world.
    • Its total expenditure on military is second to the US.
    • The EU is world’s second most important source of space and communications technology.

Answer 25.
Yes, to some extent movements and protests in country strengthen democracy to have mixed reactions both for and against:
Arguments for :

  1. Anti-arrack movement, Chipko movement, NBA etc., rectified some problems to be seen as integral part of democratic politics.
  2. These movements ensured participation and representation from diverse groups to reduce possibility of deep social conflicts in democracy.
  3. These movements broadened the idea of participation in Indian democracy i.e., Anti¬arrack movement and Dalit Panthers.

Arguments against :

  1. Collective actions, rallies, strikes, disrupt the functioning of a democracy and create a delay in decision making.
  2. Routine functioning of democracy did not have enough space for the voices of these social groups.
  3. It is possible to ignore demand of these movements with the presentation to be represented by one section of society only.
  4. Political parties do not seem to be taking up issues of marginal social groups.
  5. The relationship between popular movements and political parties has grown weaker over the years creating a vacuum in politics.

Hence, we may conclude that movements are not only about collective assertions or rallies or protest, but they also involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems, demand and expectations.

OR

  1. After Independence, the Mizo hills was made an autonomous district within Assam.
  2. Some Mizos believed that they were never a part of British India and not to belong to Indian Union.
  3. The movement of seccession gained popular support after Assam government failed to respond adequately to great famine of 1959 in Mizo hills.
  4. It led to formation of Mizo National Front (MNF) under leadership of Laldenga.
  5. In 1966, the MNF started an armed campaign for independence.
  6. The MNF fought gurilla war, got support from Pakistan government and secured shelter in then East Pakistan.
  7. At the end of two decades of insurgency, Mizoram under leadership of Laldenga started negotiations with Indian government.
  8. 1986, a peace agreement was signed between Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga which granted statehood to Mizoram with special powers and MNF agreed to give up seccessionist struggle.
  9. Today, Mizoram is one of the most peaceful places in the region alongwith big strides in literacy and development.

Answer 26.
In the first decade of electoral politics, India did not have a recognised opposition party. But some of vibrant and diverse opposition parties had come into being even before the first General Election of 1952 as the non-Congress parties. Hence, the roots of almost all the non-Congress parties of today can be traced to one or the other of the opposition parties of 1950s.
All these opposition parties gained only a representation, still their presence played a crucial role in maintaining democratic character of system. Hence due to following reasons two party system is required for successful democracy:

  1. Within two party systems, the opposition party offers a sustained and principled criticism of policies and practices of ruling party keeping it under a strict check.
  2. By keeping democratic political alternative alive, these parties prevented the resentment with the system from turning anti-democratic.

On the basis of above mentioned features it is justifiable to have a two party system which have following advantages:

  1. India has arrived at more competitive politics.
  2. Political parties act within the spheres of consensus.
  3. New forms, vision, pathways of development have been identified.
  4. Issues like poverty, displacement, minimum wages, livelihood and social security are being put on political agenda.
  5. Issues of justice and democracy are being voiced by various classes, castes and regions to remind states its responsibility.

Answer 27.
Consequences of the partition of India :

  1. The year 1947 was the year of one of the largest, most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that Indian history was known. In the name of religion, people of a community killed and maimed people of the other community. Cities like Lahore, Calcutta (Kolkata) and Amritsar were titled as communal zones.
  2. Muslims would avoid going into areas where mainly Hindus and Sikhs lived. Similarly, the Hindus and Sikhs stayed away from Muslim areas.
  3. People went through immense sufferings because they were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. Minorities on both sides of the border fled their homes and often secured temporary shelter in ‘refugee camps’. They often found helpless local police and administration helpless in what was till recently their own country. They travelled to the other side of the new border by all sorts of means, often by foot. Even during this journey they were often attacked, killed or raped. Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border. They were made to convert to the religion of the abductor and were forced into marriage. In many cases, women were killed by their own family members to preserve the ‘family honour’. Many children were separated from their parents.
  4. Those who did manage to cross the border found that they had no home. For lakhs of these ‘refugees’ the country’s freedom meant life in refugee camps, for a long time.
  5. While recounting the trauma of partition, they have often used the phrase that the survivors themselves used to describe partition—as a division of hearts.
  6. The partition was not merely a division of properties, liabilities and assets, or a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus. The employees of the government and the railways were also divided. Partition forced about 80 lakh people to migrate across the new border. About 5 to 10 lakhs people were killed in partition-related violence. However, beyond the administrative concerns and financial strains, the partition posed another deeper issue. The leaders of the Indian national struggle did not accept the two-nation theory. And yet, partition on religious had taken place.

OR

  1. The US hegemony has been symbolised as the global village and other countries as its neighbours.
  2. If the headman of global village becomes intolerable, neighbours do not have any choice of leaving it, but develop a resistant.
  3. Though there are some rules and norms called laws of war that restrict but do not prohibit war.
  4. No single power can challenge the US militarily.

Still, to overcome the US hegemony, the following strategies have been found out:

  1. Bandwagon strategy emphasises not to oppose hegemonic power, instead take advantage of opportunities that hegemon creates i.e. increased trade and technology transfer and investments to extract benefits by operating within hegemonic system.
  2. To hide strategy implies to stay as far removed from the dominant power as possible as China, Russia and the European Union. This strategy is applicable to small states but states may not be able to hide for substantial length of time.
  3. Non-state actors as writers, artists and intellectuals have no boundaries to work with. They can reach beyond the limits of the states to mould the minds of people through their expressions.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2

BoardCBSE
ClassXII
SubjectPolitical Science
Sample Paper SetPaper 2
CategoryCBSE Sample Papers

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

  1. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
  3. Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
  4. Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
  5. Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
  6. Questions no. 21 is map based question
  7. Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not i exceed 150 words

Question 1.
What is meant by seven sisters?

Question 2.
When was Soviet System introduced?

Question 3.
Define globalisation.

Question 4.
What is foreign policy?

Question 5.
Mention the historic decision given by the court in famous Kesavananda Bharati Case.

Question 6.
Mention the major challenges faced in Europe after the Second World War.

Question 7.
Mention the features of SAFTA.

Question 8.
How many member countries have got veto power in the UN Security Council and why?

Question 9.
What do you mean by Grand Alliance?

Question 10.
Who wrote the poem on Dalit? What does the poem signify?

Question 11.
What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer.

Question 12.
Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-Emergency politics.

Question 13.
How did Europe become main arena of conflict between the superpowers?

Question 14.
Describe any four consequences of the disintegration of Soviet Union.

Question 15.
Describe the hegemony of the United States of America as a structural power.

Question 16.
The emerging economies of China and India have great potential to challenge the unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your arguments.

Question 17.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
During the Cold War years, India found itself on the opposite side of the divide from the US. India’s closest friendship during those years was with the Soviet Union. After the collapse of Soviet Union, India suddenly found itself friendless in an increasingly hostile international environment. However, these were also the years when India decided to liberalise its economy and integrate it with the global economy. This policy and India’s impressive economic growth rate made the country an attractive economic partner for a number of countries including the US.
(i) Name the country which was India’s closest friend during Cold War years.
(ii) What was India’s policy during post Cold War years?
(iii) What made India an attractive economic partner for the countries like the US?

Question 18.
Why is the EU considered a highly influential regional organisation in the economic, political and military fields?

Question 19.
Study the picture and answer the following questions.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2 1
(i) What is being shown by these cartoons?
(ii) What is being depicted in the first cartoon?
(iii) What is the subject matter of the second cartoon?

Question 20.
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
“Broadly, non-alignment means not tying yourself off with military blocs… It means trying to view things, as far as possible, not from the military point of view, though that has to come in sometimes, but independently, and trying to maintain friendly relations with all countries”. —Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) Why does Nehru want to keep off military blocs?
(b) Do you think that the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty violated the principle of non-alignment? Give reasons for your answer,
(c) If there were no military blocs, do you think non-alignment would have been unnecessary?

Question 21.
On a political outline-map of India, locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2 2
(i) Name and mark any two of the Princely States.
(ii) Name and mark the original state from which the Gujarat was carved out.
(iii) Name and mark thexountry reorganised on religious grounds.
(iv) Demarcated boundary of this countries by country zones.

Question 22.
How far is it correct to say the international alliances during the Cold War Era were determined by the requirements of the superpowers and the calculations of the smaller states? Explain. (Delhi 2016)
OR
Analyse the three different views within India about the type of relationship India should have with the United States of America. (Delhi 2016)

Question 23.
How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union. 6
OR
What are some of the commonalities and differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences?

Question 24.
Like India why could democracy not take roots in Pakistan despite the fact that both the countries share a common part?
OR
Describe briefly any four problems faced in the process of partition of India.

Question 25.
Did the prevalence of a ‘one-party dominant system’ affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics?
OR
What were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time of Independence? Has the debate been resolved?

Question 26.
“The conduct of foreign affairs is an outcome of a two-way interaction between domestic compulsions and prevailing international climate. Take one example from India’s external relations in the 1960s to substantiate your answer.

Question 27.
Analyse the circumstances that favoured Indira Gandhi to become Prime Minister after the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri. Mention any four achievements of Indira Gandhi that made her popular as a Prime Minister. (Delhi 2016) 6
OR
What was Mandal Commission? Did it try to solve the problems of other Backward classes? State any two arguments in support of your answer?

Answers

Answer 1.
The north-east region which consists of seven states is known as seven sisters. This has approx 4 percent of country’s population.

Answer 2.
It was introduced after Russian Revolution in 1917 based on the principles of egalitarian society and planned economy controlled by the state.

Answer 3.
Globalisation refers to integration of an economy with the other country based on interdependence.

Answer 4.
Foreign policy of a nation reflects systematic statements of national interests along with the interplay of domestic and external factors.

Answer 5.
There are some basic features of Constitution not to be amended by the Parliament at all. It led to a crisis between the government and judiciary.

Answer 6.

  • Shattered many assumptions and structures on which European states maintained their relations.
  • The European states confronted the ruin of economies and the destruction on which Europe had been founded.

Answer 7.
South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features:

  • Formation of Free Trade Zone for whole South Asia.
  • To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.

Answer 8.
Five Permanent Member countries i.e. France, Russia, UK, the US and China got veto power because they have been emerged as industrialised developed countries to stall any decision.

Answer 9.
Grand Alliance was an electoral alliance of all the major non-communist, non-Congress and opposition parties. The SSP, PSP, Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra Party and the Bharatiya Kranti Dal came together under this umbrella.

Answer 10.
The Marathi poet Namdeo Dhasal wrote poem on Dalit during the decade of seventies which expresses the anguish that the Dalit masses continued to face even after twenty years of Independence.

Answer 11.
On the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir, the following positions are states as:

  1. Kashmiris were promised to make accession on reference of people after situation created by tribal invasion, becomes normal. But it has not been fulfilled, hence, it generated the demand for “Plebiscite”.
  2. Sometimes, it was felt that special federal status guaranteed by Article 370 has been eroded practically which led the demand for restoration of autonomy or “Greater State Autonomy”.
  3. It is felt that democracy, which is practised in rest of India has not been similarly institutionalised in Jammu and Kashmir.

We prefer the first position because ‘Plebiscite’ provides better opportunity to people of J & K to protect and sustain their regional autonomy in a very democratic manner.

Answer 12.
The major trends in the electoral performance of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since 1989 can be traced as follows:

  1. In the elections of 1989, the National front under V.P. Singh came to power supported by left front and BJP from outside because they wanted to keep the Congress out of power. Due to Mandal Commission Report and implementation of its recommendations forced BJP to reconsider its support and finally withdrew it. Thus, in November 1990, the rule of National Front came to an end.
  2. In 1996, BJP minority government was formed for a short period. In June 1996 BJP failed to get majority support in the vote of confidence and thus collapsed.
  3. From March 1998 to October 1999, BJP and others formed alliances NDA (National Democratic Alliance) under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The regional parties demanded more share in the government to extend their support. dv) The political competition during nineties and divided between the coalition led by BJP and coalition led by Congress.

Answer 13.

  • Superpowers used their military power to bring countries into their respective alliances.
  • Soviet Union used its influence in Eastern Europe so that the eastern half of Europe remained within its sphere of influence.
  • In East and Southeast Asia and in West Asia, the US built an alliance called South East Asian Treaty Organisation (SEATO) and the Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO).
  • The Soviet Union responded by having close relations with regional countries such as North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq.

Answer 14.

  1. The disintegration of Soviet Union meant the end of Cold War confrontations which demanded the end of armed race and restoration of possible peace.
  2. This disintegration created the possibility to bring in a ‘multipolar system’ where no power could dominate.
  3. The US became the sole superpower and the ‘capitalist economy’ was now dominant economic system at international level.
  4. This disintegration emerged in many new countries dividing Soviet Union into 15 independent countries alongwith their own aspirations and choices.

Answer 15.
Hegemony as a structural power implies economic perspective of world economy. It can be summed up in the following ways :

  1. An open world economy requires a dominant power to support its creation and existence.
  2. The hegemon must possess both the ability and the desire to establish certain norms for order and must sustain global structure i.e. Bretton Woods system set up by the US after Second World War.
  3. The US reflects this hegemony by providing the global public goods, those can be consumed by one person without reducing the amount of goods available for someone else.
  4. A classical example of structural power of the US is the academic degree Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) to sharpen business skills in a University.

Answer 16.
The Indo-China relations experience strategically organised as rising economic powers in global politics and to play a major role in Asian economy after the end of the Cold War. It can be proved on the following grounds:

  • The new economic policies of India and China have broken their economy from stagnancy.
  • The creation of special economic zones led to a phenomenal rise in foreign trade.
  • China has become the most important destination for foreign direct investment anywhere in the world. Hence, it has large reserves for foreign exchange to allow it to make big investment in other countries.
  • At the global level also, India and China have adopted similar policies in World Trade Organisation to deepen integration with the world economy to challenge unipolar world.

Answer 17.

  • Soviet Union
  • India decided to liberalise its economy and integrate it with global economy.
  • India’s policy of liberalisation and its impressive economic growth rate.

Answer 18.
Because :
1. Economic Influence:
(a) Three times larger share in World trade than the US.
(b) Its currency Euro can pose a threat to the dominance of US Dollar.
(c) The EU functions as an important bloc in World Trade Organisation (WTO).

2. Political Influence:

(a) Two members of the EU, Britain and France hold permanent seats in Security Council to influence UN policies.
(b) The EU also includes various non-permanent members of UNSC.
(c) The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except military force i.e.
EU’s dialogue with China on Human Rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.

3. Military Influence:

(a) The EU’s combined armed forces are second largest in world.
(b) Its total military expenditure is second to the US.
(c) Its two important members—Britain and France also experience nuclear arsenals of 550 nuclear warheads.
(d) The EU is world’s second most important source of space and communication technology.

Answer 19.

  1. These cartoons show Indian view on Cold War.
  2. The first cartoon was drawn when the US came to a secret understanding with China keeping the USSR in dark. The cartoon also expresses changing the international political scenario as after a long time. China made overtures to the USA.
  3. The second cartoon shows the American midadventure in Vietnam. It also depicts that the US President Johnson was in more trouble over Vietnam.

Answer 20.
(a) Nehru wanted to keep off military blocs to maintain friendly and peaceful relation with all nations of world as well as to maintain India’s uniqueness at international stage.
(b) No, the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty did not violate non-alignment because it was not to maintain military relations but to maintain diplomatic friendly relations.
(c) NAM emphasises on disarmament, decolonisation and terrorism except staying away from military blocs.

Answer 21.

    • Junagarh
    • Manipur
  1. Gujarat (from Bombay)
  2. Pakistan
  3. Bangladesh

Answer 22.
The superpowers used their military power to bring countries into their fold :
(a) Soviet Union used its influence in Eastern Europe backed by the large armies of countries of its alliance.
(b) The statement is utmost correct about the superpower as well as their alliances.
(c) On the other hand, the United States built alliance called SEATO and CENTO on the question of North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq, Russia and China came closer.
(cl) Alliances were made for the requirement of vital national resources.
(e) Superpowers needed territories to launch their weapons and troops. In return, they helped them in many ways.
(f) Economic support was another factor.

OR

During the Cold War phase, India was on the opposite side of the divide from the US as it had close relationship with Soviet. India’s decision to pursue a policy of NAM in 1945 was not liked by the US as it sided with Pakistan.
After the collapse of Soviet Union, India decided to liberalise its economy and integrate it with global economy. Hence, the US also found India an attractive economic partner due to technological dimension, and the role of Indian-American diaspora.
India-US relationship have never looked so brighter as it today. Both the countries are coming close to each other and both began to gain by coming closer.
Within India, the debate seems to be around three possible views. .

  1. India should maintain its aloofness from the USA and forms upon increasing its other comprehensive national power.
  2. India should take advantage of US hegemony and national understandings to establish best possible options for itself. Opposing the US would be a futile exercise and will only hurt India in long run.
  3. India should take the lead in establishing a coalition of countries from the developing world.

Answer 23.
After the end of Second World War in 1945, the European States confronted the ruin of their economies and the destruction of assumptions and structures on which Europe had been founded. European countries resolved their post-second
World War problems in the following manner :

  1. Under the ‘Marshall Plan’ the USA provided financial help to revive European economy.
  2. The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.
  3. Under the ‘Marshall Plan’ the organisation for European Economic Cooperation was established in 1948 to extend cooperation on trade and economic issues among the Western European States.
  4. European Union was founded in 1992 for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs and creation of a single currency. It evolved from an economic union to political one over time.

The following attempts led to the formation of European Union:

  • The Council of Europe was established in 1949 for political cooperation.
  • The process of economic integration of European Capitalist countries led to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957.
  • The above mentioned processes acquired a political dimension with the creation of European Parliament.
  • The collapse of Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of European Union in 1992.

OR

Bangladesh has been the part of Pakistan itself. Both of these countries bear some similarities and differences as follows:
Commonalities :

  1. Both Bangladesh and Pakistan were under a military rule.
  2. At both the places, the struggle for democracy took place in their own way.
  3. Pakistan’s administration began under the command of General Ayub Khan and gave up due to dissatisfaction among people giving way to Yahya’s military rule and continued with the army rule though elections were held by military rulers to give a democratic shape to their own rule.
  4. In the same way, Bangladesh drafted its own constitution to begin with democracy. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman formed Presidential setup by abolishing all the parties except Awami Legue. But after his assassination the new military ruler Zia-ur-Rahman formed his own party and won elections in 1979. Later on he was also assassinated and another military leader Lt. Gen. H.M. Ershad took over.

Differences :

  1. In Pakistan, military, clergy and land-owning aristocrats dominated socially to overthrow elected government whereas in Bangladesh the leaders and their party members dominated for the same.
  2. Pro-military groups have become more powerful due to conflict with India in Pakistan whereas in Bangladesh, pro-military groups are powerful due to friendship and encouragement of India.

Answer 24.
The following factors are responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy :

  1. The lack of genuine international support for a democratic rule in Pakistan has encouraged to military to continue its dominance. The US and other countries have also supported military rule due to fulfilling their own interests.
  2. Pakistan’s conflict with India has made paramilitary groups more powerful which have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are flawed, that Pakistan’s security would be harmed by selfish minded parties and chaotic democracy, hence army stay in power is justified.
  3. The social dominance of military, clergy, and owning aristocracy has led to frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishing of military governments.
  4. Global Islamic terrorism and their apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might
    fall into hands of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan was seen as the protector of western interests in West Asia and South Asia.

The two pro-democracy factors present in Pakistan that can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic set up over there are:

  • Pakistan bears a courageous and entirely free press.
  • Pakistan enjoys strong human rights movement.

OR

The process of partition had been started in 1940 when Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah propounded Two-Nation Theory. This process involved various problems:

  1. Areas were supposed to be distributed on the basis of religions majority i.e. Muslim majority areas built Pakistani territory and rest stayed with India. It created communal riots in country.
  2. No single belt of Muslim majority was the part of British India. They were concentrated in East and West. Hence, it was decided that Pakistan will comprise two territories namely East and West Pakistan separated by long expansion of India territory,
  3. All Muslim majority areas did not want to be merged with Pakistan i.e. it was opposed in NWFP. But ultimately NWFP was made to merge with Pakistan.
  4. Another problem belonged to minorities on both sides of border i.e. lakhs of Hindus and Muslims and Sikhs from both the sides were left with no option except to leave f their homes.

Answer 25.
No, the prevalence of one party dominance system did not affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics because:

  1. The key role of the Congress in the freedom struggle gave it a head start over others.
  2. The Congress accommodated diversified interests, religion, beliefs and aspirations to strengthen democracy.
  3. Despite being taken place of free and fair elections, Congress won elections in the
    same manner again and again.
  4. The Congress Party consisted of various factions inside itself, based on ideological considerations who never taught together or went out of Congress.
  5. Hence, on the basis of above mentioned criterion, it can be concluded that Congress strengthened ideals of democracy and held unity and integrity of the country.

OR

At the time of Independence, development was about becoming more like the industrialised countries of the West, to be involved with the break down of traditional social structure as well as rise of capitalism and liberalism.

  1. Modernisation referred to growth, material progress and scientific rationality.
  2. India had two models of modern development at the time of independence into considerations to be adopted i.e. the liberal capitalist model like Europe and the US and the socialist model like the USSR.
  3. A debate had been occurred regarding adoption of model of development as communists, socialists and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru supported the socialist model to reflect a broad consensus to be developed during national movement.
  4. Above mentioned intentions cleared that the government made the priority to poverty alleviation alongwith social and economic redistribution.
  5. At the same time, these leaders differed and debated:
    • Industrialisation should be the preferred path or
    • Agricultural development should take place, or
    • Rural poverty should be alleviated.

Answer 26.
The statement is justified to maximum extent to be proved during ‘Sino-Indian Conflict of 1962’ to dent India’s image at home and international level. India had to approach the Americans and the British for military assistance to tide over the issues.
The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict:

  1. All the occurrings, created a sense of national humiliation but strengthened a spirit of nationalism also on the other hand.
  2. Pt. Nehru was also criticised for his naive assessment of Chinese intentions and lack of military preparedness.
  3. Political mood of country began to change, when no-confidence motion against Nehru moved in and debated in the Lok Sabha.
  4. ‘Sino-Indian Conflict’ splitted the Communist Party of India in 1960s split fraction formed communist party of India (CPI-M).
  5. Besides, the war with China alerted Indian leadership to volatile situation in the North east region.
  6. Apart from being isolated and extremely underdeveloped, this region posed the challenge of national integration in front of India.

Answer 27.
Circumstances that favoured Indira Gandhi to become Prime Minister after the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri are as follows:

  1. On 10 January 1966, Shastri’s Prime Ministership came to an abrupt end when he died suddenly in Taskhent. Now, the Congress had to face the challenge of political succession.
  2. The senior party leaders decided to support Indira Gandhi, but the decision was not unanimous. There was intense contest between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi. The contest jvas resolved through a secret ballot among the MPs of the Congress. Indira Gandhi got the support of more than two-thirds of the Congress party’s MPs.

Achievements of Indira Gandhi that made her popular as a Prime Minister are:

  1. Indira Gandhi adopted her strategy boldly and diplomatically. When the Congress had lost in 1967 elections, she converted a simple power struggle into an ideological struggle.
  2. Indira Gandhi did not revive old Congress Party but she re-invented the party by forming an entirely different popular party to accommodate some social groups, the poor, the women, the dalits, adivasis and the minorities. Thus, she restored the Congress system by changing the nat are of Congress system itself.
  3. Indira Gandhi focussed on the growth of the public sector, imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban poverty, removal of disparities in income and opportunity, and abolition of princely privileges. Her slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’ and the programmes that followed it were part of her political strategy of building an Independent nationwide political support base. As a result, she won 352 seats with about 44 per cent of the popular votes on its own in the Lok Sabha elections of 1971.
  4. After the 1971 Lok Sabha election, a major political and military crises broke out in East Pakistan (present Bangladesh). The 1971 elections were followed by the crisis in East Pakistan and the Indo-Pak war leading to the formation of Bangladesh.

All these events added to the popularity of Indira Gandhi. Even the opposition party leaders admired her statesmanship.

OR

The Mandal Commission under the chairmanship of Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal set up in 1978 to investigate the extent of educational and social backwardness among various sections of society and recommended way to identify these classes.
The Mandal Commission gave its recommendations in 1980:

  1. The Commission advised that backward classes should be understood to mean backward castes since many castes other than the SCs were also treated as low in caste hierarchy.
  2. Reservation 27% seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups.
  3. It recommended land reforms to improve the condition of OBCs.
  4. Hence, Mandal Commission made recommendations in economic and occupational structures.

The Government of India accepted recommendations in 1990:

  1. 27% jobs reservation has been made in central and state government.
  2. Many welfare schemes have also been launched as Swarnima National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation.

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