Murali

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.

1. Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?
2. Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
3. Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest,
4. In which part of the world is tropical deciduous forests found?
5. In which climatic conditions are citrus fruits cultivated’?
6. Mention the uses of coniferous forest.
7. In which part of the world is seasonal grassland found?

Answer.

1. The two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends are— temperature and moisture.
2. The three broad categories of natural vegetation are—forests, grasslands, and shrubs.
3. Rosewood and mahogany.
4. Tropical deciduous forests are found in a large part of India, northern Australia, and Central America.
5. Citrus fruits are cultivated in the regions marked for hot dry summers and mild rainy winters.
6. The woods of coniferous forests are tall and soft. Chir, pine, and cedar are the important variety of trees in these forests. The woods of these trees are very useful for making pulp, which is used for manufacturing paper and newsprint. Matchboxes and packing boxes are also made from softwood.
7. Seasonal grasslands are found in the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior parts of the continents.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in:
(a) Desertic Vegetation
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Tundra vegetation
Answer.
(c) Tundra vegetation

(ii) Thorny bushes are found in:
(a) Hot and humid tropical climate
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(c) Cold polar climate
Answer.
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate

(iii) In the tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is:
(a) Monkey
(b) Giraffe
(c) Camel
Answer.
(a) Monkey

(iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:
(a) Rosewood
(b) Pine
(c) Teak
Answer.
(b) Pine

(v) Steppe grassland is found in:
(a) S. Africa
(b) Australia
(c) Central Asia
Answer.
(c) Central Asia

Question 3.
Match the following.
(i) Walrus                  (a) Softwood tree
(ii) Cedar                  (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(iii) Olives                 (c) A polar animal
(iv) Elephants           (d) Temperate grassland in Australia
(v) Campos               (e) Thorny shrubs
(vi) Downs                (f) A citrus fruit
                                 (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil
Answer.
(i) Walrus                  (c) A polar animal
(ii) Cedar                  (a) Softwood tree
(iii) Olives                 (f) A citrus fruit
(iv) Elephants           (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(v) Campos               (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil
(vi) Downs                (d) Temperate grassland in Australia

Question 4.
Give Reasons.

1. The animals in the polar region have thick fur and thick skin.
2. Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
3. The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

Answer.

1. To protect themselves from the cold climatic conditions.
2. To conserve water.
3. Because of the variation in temperature, moisture, slope, and thickness of soil.

Question 5.
Activity.
(i) Collect pictures and photographs of forests and grasslands of different parts of the world. Write one sentence below each picture.
(ii) Make a collage of rainforest, grassland, and coniferous forests.
Answer.
(i) Pictures and Photographs of forests and grasslands:



The tidal forest supplies Sandalwood, a softwood ideal for making matches and packing material.

(ii) Now prepare a collage yourself with the help of your teacher.

Question 6.
For fun.
In the’ crossword table given below, some words are hidden. They are all about vegetation and wildlife and are to be found horizontally and vertically. Two have been worked out for you. Work in pairs with a friend.

Answer.
Horizontally:
Bamboo, Bear, Whale, Flora, Lichen, Hen, Pine, Seal, Fowl, Chir, Mosses, Grass, Taiga, Tulsi, Prairie, Fir, Ebony, Goat, Deciduous, Tundra, Zebra, Horse, Lanos, Pampas,
Vertically:
Shrub, Ox, Pig, Cactus, Fauna, Lion, Downs, Tiger, Neem, Oak, Camel, Peepal, Owl, Deer, Savanna, Yak.
Do more exercise and find out other names of vegetation and wildlife. Elephant, Palm, Grebon.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Now can you tell why Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher? What type of vegetation did she see in the Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the higher altitudes?  (NCERT Page 39)
Answer.
Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher because of the following reasons:

1. Change in a climate with an increase in height.
2. Slope
3. The thickness of the soil.

Types of vegetation she saw:

1. Sal and teak forests
2. Coniferous forests
3. Rhodo-dendrous
4. Short grass

Question 2.
Like Salima, when you go to visit any new place, notice the type of natural vegetation occurring there and try to think of factors responsible for the growth of such vegetation in that habitat.
Note down if any human interference has taken place in that area in terms of deforestation, grazing, cultivation of cash crops, construction activities, etc. (NCERT Page 39)
Answer.
In October to Nainital.

• Alpine and Montane vegetation.

Factors:

• Cold climate.
• Heavy rainfall.
• Mountainous soil.

Yes, for habitation and commercial activities.

Question 3.
Where in India do tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests occur? Name the states. (NCERT Page 41)
Which type of forest dominates most part of India?
Answer.

1. Western slopes of western ghats, N.E. India—Tropical evergreen (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, and N.E. states)
2. Central India—Deciduous (M.P., Chhattisgarh), Jharkhand, etc.
3. Tropical Deciduous.

Question 4.
Look around in your surroundings and find out the articles made of hardwood and softwood.
Find out and learn the names of few trees of your locality. (NCERT Page 43)
Answer.
Hardwood: Steppers, bridges, furniture, doors, windows.
Softwood: Matches, packing material, false ceiling, boats, etc.
Mango, neem, jamun, shisham, kikar, peepal, sal.

Question 5.
Can you name the great desert of India? Name some of the common animals of the desert. (NCERT page 44)
Answer.
Thar is the great Indian desert.
Camel, Snakes, lizards, and many insects are found here.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a historian. Choose one of the themes mentioned in this chapter, such as economic, social or political history, and discuss why you think it would be interesting to find out the history of that theme.
Answer.
I would choose social and political history. It would be interesting to find out the history of social and political changes because:

1. This period saw emergence of new foods and beverages.
2. New technologies appeared.
3. It was period of mobility when people travelled long distances.
4. Extension of agriculture brought social changes.
5. Important changes occurred in religion.
6. Politically different groups became important.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Who was considered a ‘foreigner’ in the past?
Answer.
In the past, a person who was a stranger or who was not a part of the society or culture was considered to be a ‘foreigner’.

1. In Hindi, a foreigner is termed as pardesi.
2. In Persian, a foreigner is called ajnabi.

Question 2.
State whether true or false:

1. We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.
2. The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.
3. Forest-dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agricultural settlements.
4. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur, and Kashmir.

Answer.

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Archives are places where ……………. are kept.
2. …………… was a fourteenth-century chronicler.
3. ……….., ………., …………, and……….. were some of the new crops introduced into the subcontinent during this period.

Answer.

1. manuscripts/documents/records
2. Ziauddin Barani
3. Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, and coffee.

Question 4.
List some of the technological changes associated with this period.
Answer.
The new technologies that made their appearance during this period were-

1. The Persian wheel in irrigation
2. The spinning wheel in weaving
3. The firearms in Combat

Question 5.
What were some of the major religious developments during this period?
Answer.
Some of the major religious developments during this period were as under :

1. In Hinduism, new deities were worshipped and temples were constructed by royalty.
2. The Brahmanas, the priests dominated the other social classes.
3. The new dynamic relationship got developed among Brahmanas and their partons—new rulers searching for prestige.
4. The idea of Bhakti emerged.
5. Muslim religion and the teachings of the Quran were introduced in the subcontinent.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 6.
In what ways has the meaning of the term ‘Hindustan’ changed over the centuries?
Answer.
Over time, the meaning of the term “Hindustan” has changed as under ;

1. In the present time, the term “Hindustan” is understood by. “India”, the modern nation-state.
2. But the 13th-century writer Minhaj-i- Siraj, used the term “Hindustan” to denote the areas of Punjab, Haryana, and the lands between Ganga and Yamuna. Therefore, the term was used in the political context.
3. In the 16th century, Babur used the term “Hindustan” to describe the geography, the fauna (animals), and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.
4. At some other place in history, great poet Amir Khusrau used the word “Hind” in a similar context as Babur did.

Question 7.
How were the affairs of jatis regulated?
Answer.
Jatis were the sub-castes which were grouped on the basis of economic and social status. They were ranked as per their backgrounds, and their occupations. Ranks were not fixed permanently. They varied as per the power, influence and resources controlled by members of the jatis.

Hence the status of the same jail could vary from area to area Jatis had their own system of ruling. They framed their own rules and regulations for managing the conduct of their members. An assembly of elders was responsible for enforcing these regulations. This assembly of elders was called jati panchayat. But jatis were also required to abide by the rules of their villages.

Question 8.
What does the term pan-regional empire mean?
Answer.

1. During the medieval period, there was enormous diversity among the distinctive regions of the subcontinent.
2. Each region had its own geographical dimensions, own language, and cultural characteristics.
3. These regions were associated with specific ruling dynasties.
4. There was a considerable conflict between these states.
5. Therefore, the empires that ruled or controlled such diverse regions, were called the pan-regional empires.
6. For example, dynasties like the Cholas, Khaljis, Tughluq, and Mughals were able to build the pan-regional empire.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts?
Answer.
Manuscripts in the early days were handwritten. Writers used palm leaves as paper for writing manuscripts. The historians used to copy down those manuscripts. Different historians presented their version in their own way as many of the words or sentences were beyond their understanding. So they copied what they understood. Later it was difficult to recognize which one was the original manuscript. Historians interpreted the facts as per the manuscripts which they got. Hence we find a number of facts with different illustrations in history.

Question 10.
How do historians divide the past into periods? Do they face any problem in doing so?
Answer.
(1) Historians divide the past into periods on the basis of economic and social factors to characterize the major elements of different moments of the past.

(2) Historians face many problems while dividing the past into periods as there was a good amount of technological development in the “medieval” period, which can be called as ‘modem’ in the contemporary context. But still, the period is called “medieval” and not “modern”. On the other hand, the modern past is followed by the “medieval” past.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare either Map 1 or Map 2 (See NCERT pages 1 and 2) with the present-day map of the subcontinent, listing as many similarities and differences as you can find.
Answer.

Question 12.
Find out where records are kept in your village or city. Who writes these records? Is there an archive? Who manages it? What kinds of documents are stored there? Who are the people who use it?
Answer.
Students, do it themselves.
Hints:

1. Most records are kept by government-owned libraries, archives, museums, etc.
2. The scribes appointed by the state or the central government writes these records. For example, Gazetteer of India.
3. The state or Central government manages it.
4. The documents related to the everyday functioning of assemblies, parliament, important acts, visitors, wars elections’, etc. are stored there.
5. Historians, political analysts, journalists, researchers, anthropologists, etc. use these records. important acts, visitors, wars elections’, etc. are stored there.
6. Historians, political analysts, journalists, researchers, anthropologists, etc. use these records.]

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Look at the areas on Map 2 (of your textbook). Are they as detailed as those on the coast? Follow the course of the River Ganga and see how it is shown. Why do you think there is a difference in the level of detail and accuracy between the coastal and inland areas in this map? (NCERT Page 2)
Answer.

1. Details shown in the inland are not so detailed as on the coast.
2. Course of river Ganga is not correctly shown.
3. Because there were voyages along the coasts and the travellers studied coastal areas themselves.
4. On the other hand, they did not go inland. Hence the details of inland depend upon their estimations not on their studies.

Question 2.
Can you think of any other words whose meanings change in different contexts? (NCERT Page 3)
Answer.
Yes. Word—Ruler (King), Ruler (Lawmakers).

Question 3.
When was paper more expensive and easily available—in the thirteenth or the fourteenth century? (NCERT Page 4)
Answer.

1. Paper was expensive during the thirteenth century.
2. Paper was easily available during the fourteenth century.

Question 4.
Of the technological, economic, social, and cultural changes described in this section, which do you think were most significant in the town or village in which you live? (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.
In Towns
Technological and economic changes.
In Villages
Economic and social changes.

Question 5.
Why do you think rulers made such claims about conquests? (NCERT Page 10)
Answer.
Rulers made such claims because they wanted to show others that they had control over large areas.

• • They were the real rulers of the country.
  • No other ruler could fight them.
  • They were supreme.

Question 6.
Prepare a list of the names of languages spoken today in the regions he (Amir Khusrau) mentioned: names that are similar and those that are different. (NCERT Page 10)
Answer.
Region                                Language is spoken today                           Similar or Different
Sindh (now in Pakistan)                    Sindhi                                                 Same
Lahore/ Panjab                           Panjabi/Lahori                                          Same
Kashmir                                           Kashmiri                                               Same
Karnataka                                         Kannad                                       Different, Dvarsamudri
Andhra Pradesh                                Telugu                                          Different, Telangana
Gujarat                                              Gujarati                                           Different, Gujari
Tamil Nadu                                    Tamil Different,                                        Malabari
Bengal                                                 Gauri                                            Different, Bengala
Eastern Uttar Pradesh                         Awadhi                                                 Same
Delhi (and surrounding areas)             Hindi                                            Different, Hindawi

Question 7.
Did you notice that the names by which the languages are known to have changed over time? (NCERT Page 10)
Answer.
Yes, most of the languages have changed over time.

Question 8.
Find out whether and for how long your state (Delhi) was part of these pan-regional empires. (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.
Delhi for over a thousand years (700 to 1750).

Question 9.
Do you remember what Amir Khusrau had to say regarding Sanskrit, knowledge, and Brahmanas? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.
Yes.

1. About Sanskrit, Amir Khusrau said, that it did not belong to any region and it was an old language.
2. No one except the Brahmanas knows it. It means Brahmanas were the scholars of Sanskrit.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls .

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Are the statements given below true or false? Support your answer with the use of an example:

1. All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play.
2. Our society does not make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up.
3. Women who stay at home do not work.
4. The work that women do is less valued than that of men.

Answer.

1. True – Samoan society where boys cook and girls help in the preparations and go fishing.
2. False – Ways of dressing and mannerism taught to boys is indicative.
3. False – Household work is physically demanding, entailing lifting, bending, and standing for long hours.
4. True – Household work is devalued and not paid for.

Question 2.
Housework is invisible and unpaid, work.
Housework is physically demanding.
Housework is time-consuming.
Write in your own words what is meant by the terms ‘invisible’, ‘physically demanding’ and ‘time-consuming’? Give one example of each based on the household tasks undertaken by women in your home.
Answer.
Invisible: The term ‘ Invisible ‘ in the context of housework means the work that women do within the home is not recognised as work. It is supposed that this is something that comes naturally to women. For example, cooking food and caring for the children at home. That is why it remains unpaid.

Physically demanding: The term ‘physically demanding means the work that women do as housework requires physical labour and causes great exertion. For example, sweeping and cleaning of the floors, washing clothes and making dishes, cooking by standing for long hours in front of hot-stoves.

Time-consuming: The term ‘time consuming’ in housework means that women spend long hours in working at home. For example, they normally begin as early as five in the morning and end as late as twelve at night. Also caring for children, the old people and sometimes sick takes time.

Question 3.
Make a list of toys and games that boys typically play and another for girls. If there is a difference between the two lists, can you think of some reasons why this is so? Does this have any relationship to the roles children have to play as adults?
Answer.
List of Toys and Games
BOYS Toys                                              GIRLS Toys
• Cars                                                          • Dolls
• Ball                                                           • Cooking apparatus
• Bulldozer                                                 • Washing kit.
Bat and cricket ball
Swimming kit
Bus
Railways (train)
Dog, Lion, Wolf
Games                                                          Games
Kabaddi                                                   • Hide and seek
Cricket                                                     • Playing with dolls
Hockey                                                    • Badminton
Basket Ball                                               • Table Tennis
Volley Ball                                                • Also games played by boys.

• There is a difference between the two lists. It is because of the difference among the boys and girls in respect of physical strength and stamina, along with the influence of society.
• Yes, it has a relationship to the roles children have to play as adults. When they are adults, their role {of boys and girls) changes altogether.

Question 4.
If you have someone working as a domestic help in your house or locality talk to her and find out a little bit more about her life—Who are her family members? Where is her home? How many hours does she work? How much does she get paid? Write a small story based on these details.
Answer.
Sharda has been working in my house for several years as domestic help. She hails from a small village in West Bengal. She lives here in Delhi with her husband and one daughter who is in her teens. She comes to my house in the early morning at 5.30 and gets retired from the daily work in the night at 8 p.m. In between, she goes to her house for two hours. She does every work very efficiently and skillfully.

She never gives a moment of complaints. Due to this fact, we have developed very cordial relations with her and her family. We regard her as our family member. We also pay her a handsome amount. She gets Rs. 3000/- per month with all other facilities like food, clothes, medicines, etc. Her husband is a rickshaw puller who also manages to earn a good amount every day. Thus, Sharda leads a very happy life with us and her family members.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Study the pictute and answer the questions that follow it:
In what ways do the experiences of Samoan children and teenagers differ from your own experiences of growing up? Is there anything in this experience that you wish was part of your growing up? (NCERT Page 45)
Answer.
Difference between the experiences of Samoan children and teenagers and our own experiences:

Question 2.
Yes, along with studies in school, we should also learn some household works. Study the picture and answer the question that follows: (NCERT Page 45)
Why do girls like to go to school together in groups?
Answer.
The school girls like to go to school together in groups because of the following reasons:

1. Their main purpose is to go to school safely and return to their homes safely.
2. They have fear of being teased or attacked if they walk alone.

Question 3.
Make a drawing of a street or a park in your neighbourhood. Show the different kinds of activities young boys and girls may be engaged in. You could do this individually or in groups. (NCERT Page 46)
Answer.
Do this yourself.

Question 4.
Are there as many girls as boys in your drawing? Most probably you would have drawn fewer girls. Can you think of reasons why there are fewer women and girls in your neighbourhood streets, parks, and markets in the late evenings or at night? (NCERT Page 46)
Answer.

1. No, girls are fewer than boys.
2. Yes, during evenings or at night there is less safe for women and girls from anti-social elements.

Question 5.
Are girls and boys doing different activities? Can you think of reasons why this might be so? What would happen if you replaced the girls with the boys and vice-versa? (NCERT Page 46)
Answer.

1. Yes, this is because nature has made them different and generally they do different activities, with some exceptions.
2. Society would change completely.
3. Though now there is equality of opportunity in the social and professional sphere.

Question 6.

1. Were Harmeet and Shonali correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work? (NCERT Page 49)
2. What do you think would happen if your mother or those involved in doing the work at home went on a strike for a day? (NCERT Page 49)
3. Why do you think that men and boys generally do not do housework? Do you think they should? (NCERT Page 49)

Answer.

1. No Harmeet and Shonali were not correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work because of the following reasons:
   • Housework is the most important work.
   • Without it, no work will be done and chaos will prevail in the house.
   • If Harmeet’s mother, does not work in the house, she will have to pay domestic help, who will work for her.
   • Harmeet’s mother saves a lot of money because she works economically and avoids wastage in cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning the house, etc.
   • The household works need physical labour, it is time-consuming and taxing.
2. If my mother or those involved in doing the work at home went on strike for a day the whole house would be in chaos. It would not be possible for the men to manage it.
3. Men and boys generally do not do housework as they think this work to be the domain of women and girls.
   • The Indian society is a male-dominated society, males think the housework as inferior work.
   • We think that men and boys should also do housework in the spirit in which women and girls do this work.

Question 7.
Below is some data from a special study done by the Central Statistical Organisation of India (1998-1999). See if you can fill in the blanks.

(i) What are the total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana and Tamil Nadu each week?
(ii) How does this compare with the total number of work hours spent by men? (NCERT Page 50)
Answer.
Yes, we can fill the blanks:
(i) Haryana:
Women                53 hours
Men                     40 hours
Tamil Nadu:
Women                54 hours
Men                     44 hours
(ii) Women spend more than 33 percent of their work hours on household work
while men spend only 5 percent of their work hours on household work.

Question 8.
This poster was created by a women’s group in Bengal. Can you write an interesting slogan for the poster? (NCERT Page 52)
Answer.
Worship the Devi (Goddess) – the Women.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise important?
Answer.

1. In a democracy, the universal adult franchise is important because it is based on the principle of equality.
2. It authorizes every adult citizen in a country to cast one vote irrespective of her/ his wealth and the communities she/he belongs to.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which this Article addresses inequality?
Answer.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution Prohibits discrimination and inequalities.

1. It allows access to shops, public places, restaurants, etc. to all.
2. The general public is allowed to use wells, tanks, bathing ghats maintained wholly or partly by state funds.

Question 3.
In what ways was Omprakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer.

1. The dignity of both Omprakash Valmiki and the Ansaris was violated. They were made victims of inequality in treatment.
2. Omprakash Valmiki was made to sweep the school, because of his caste, and Ansaris were refused to lease the apartments because of their religion.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the term “all persons are equal before the law”? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer.
It means that every person, from the President of the country to domestic help like Kanta has to obey the same laws. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, etc. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops, and markets. All persons can use publicly available wells, roads, and bathing ghats.

Equality is the soul of democracy. We know that democracy is a form of government which gives equal importance and recognition to all. If inequalities on the basis of race, religion, caste, etc. continue to exist, democracy would never flourish. Instead, it would perish very soon.

Question 5.
The Government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that persons with disabili¬ties have equal rights and that the government should make possible their full participation in society. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into mainstream schools. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools, etc., should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photograph and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible for him? How would his be carried down the stairs affect his dignity as well as his safety?
Answer.

1. The above law is not being implemented in the case of the boy who is being carried down the stairs as shown in the photograph.
2. There is a need to construct public buildings like schools, hospitals, etc., with the provisions of ramps so that they may be more accessible for persons with disabilities.
3. The dignity of the boy is affected by being carried down the stairs because he may feel inferior for his dependency on others for movement in such places. His safety is also at stake as the persons helping him may cause an accident.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Do you think Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal? List three reasons from the story that might make her feel like this. (NCERT Page 6)
Answer.
Yes, Kanta has enough reasons to doubt whether she is really equal.
Reasons:

1. She cannot skip work even when her daughter is ill.
2. She does not have enough money to take her daughter to the doctor.
3. She has to stand in line at a government hospital for her turn to show her daughter to the doctor.

Question 2.
Circle the reference to caste in the matrimonial advertisements given below: (NCERT Page 7)

Answer.

Question 3.
Why do you think Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates? Imagine yourself as Omprakash Valmiki and write four lines about how you would feel if you were in the same situation as him. (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.
Yes, Omprakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates because he was Dalit. We, as Omprakash Valmiki would feel humiliated and many questions would arise in our minds.
Like:

1. do we not have soul, heart?
2. are we not fit for education?
3. why are we treated unequally?

Question 4.
Why do you think the Ansaris were being treated unequally? What would you do if you were in the Ansaris’ position and could not find a place to live because some people did not want to live next to you because of the religion you practice? (NCERT Page 8)
Answer.

1. Ansaris were being treated unequally because they belonged to the Muslim religion.
2. If we were in Ansaris’ position.
   • We would go to the Minority Commission to lodge a complaint against the apartment owners.
   • We would try to reason out with people.

Question 5.
If you were one of the Ansaris how would you have responded to the suggestion that you change your name? (NCERT Page 9)
Answer.
I would have responded in these words:
I will not change my name as there is nothing in the name, we all are God’s creation.

Question 6.
Can you think of an incident in your life in which your dignity was violated? How did this make you feel? (NCERT Page 9)
Answer.

• Yes.
• Disgusted.

(Answer will vary from student to student.)

Question 7.
What is the midday meal programme? Can you list three benefits of the programme? How do you think this program might help promote greater equality? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.

1. In the midday meal programme students of primary classes are provided lunch in the schools all over the country.
2. Benefits:
   • Truancy after recess has decreased.
   • More and more children enroll themselves in the schools.
   • Would help poor students and improve their concentration.
   • Mothers do not have to leave their work in the mid.
3. This programme might help promote equality as it would reduce caste prejudices.
4. In some places, Dalit women are employed to cook meals for all children.

Question 8.
Find out about one government scheme in your area. What does this scheme do? Who is this scheme set up to benefit? (NCERT Page 11)
Answer.

1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (S.S.A.).
2. This scheme provides education to those children who do not join schools for one or the other reason.
3. This scheme is set to benefit Dalit children mostly.

Question 9.
How does Article 15 of our constitution address inequality?
Answer.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution Prohibits discrimination and inequalities.

1. It allows access to shops, public places, restaurants, etc. to all.
2. The general public is allowed to use wells, tanks, bathing ghats maintained wholly or partly by state funds.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 On Equality, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.

1. What is precipitation?
2. What is the water cycle?
3. What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?
4. Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?
5. What are tides and how are they caused?
6. What are ocean currents?

Answer.

1. Precipitation: Precipitation is the fall of moisture on the ground in the form of rainfall, snow, sleet and hailstones.
2. Water Cycle:
   • The sun’s heat causes evaporation of water from various water bodies.
     
   • These vapors cools down, it condenses and forms clouds.
   • Once the clouds reach saturation point, the water comes down in form of precipitation —rain, snow, dew, sleet etc.
   • Rate of evaporation depends upon the sun’s heat and absorption capacity of air.
   • The process in which the water changes its form and circulates between land, ocean, and air is called the water cycle.
3. Factors affecting the height of the waves:
   • Winds
   • Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides on the bottom of the oceans.
4. Factors affecting the movement of ocean water:
   • Temperature
   • Winds
   • The gravitational pull of the sun, the earth, and the moon
   • Shape of continents
   • Warm and cold currents
   • Salinity
5. The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice a day is called a tide. Tides are caused due to the gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface.
6. Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. They may be warm or cold currents:
   • Warm currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. They bring about warm temperatures over land surfaces, for example, the Gulf stream.
   • Cold currents originate near poles and move towards tropical or lower latitudes. They bring about coolness over land surfaces, for example, Labrador current.

Question 2.
Give reasons.

1. Ocean water is salty.
2. The quality of water is deteriorating.

Answer.

1. Ocean water is salty because it contains a large number of dissolved salts. Most of this salt is sodium chloride or common table salt.
2. The quality of water is deteriorating because of the following reasons:
   • The decrease in the water table.
   • Mixing of industrial effluents and untreated water of industries into the streams, rivers, and even oceans.
   • Mixing of sewerage water into the rivers etc.
   • Excessive use of water causing scarcity.
   • Throwing of dead bodies, havan ashes, vegetables, and flowers into the sea.
   • Bathing of animals into the water bodies.
   • Dirt and dust storms also pollute water.

Question 3.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land
(a) Water cycle
(b) Tides
(c) Ocean currents
Answer.
(a) Water

(ii) Generally the warm ocean currents originate near
(a) Poles
(b) Equator
(c) None of these
Answer.
(b) the Equator.

(iii) The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called
(a) Tide
(b) Ocean current
(c) Wave
Answer.
(a) Tide.

Question 4.
Match the following.
(i) Caspian Sea                                      (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide                                                  (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami                                          (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents                               (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths
                                                              (e) Water cycle
Answer.
(i) Caspian Sea                                   (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide                                               (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami                                        (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents                             (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths

Question 5.
For fun.
Be a Detective
(i) The name of one river is hidden in each of the sentences below. Spot it. Example: Mandira, Vijayalakshmi, and Surinder are my best friends
Answer.
Ravi
(a) The snake charmer’s bustee, stables where horses are housed, and the piles of wood, all caught fire accidentally. (Hint: Another name for River Brahmaputra)
(b) The conference manager put pad, material for reading, and a pencil for each participant. (Hint: A distributary on the Ganga-Brahmputra delta)
(c) Either jealousy or anger cause a person’s fall (Hint: Name of juicy fruit!)
(d) Bhavani germinated the seeds in a pot (Hint: Look for her in West Africa)
(e) “I am a zonal champion now” declared the excited athlete. (Hint: The river that has the biggest basin in the world)
(f) The tiffin box rolled down and all the food fell in dusty potholes. (Hint: Rises in India and journeys through Pakistan)
(g) Malini leaned against the pole when she felt that she was going to faint. (Hint: Her delta in Egypt is famous)
(h) Samantha mesmerised everybody with her magic tricks. (Hint: London is situated on her estuary)
(i) “In this neighbourhood, please don’t yell! Owners of these houses like to have peace.” Warned my father when we moved into our new flat.” (Hint: color!)
(j) ‘Write the following words, Marc!’ “On”, “go”, “in”— said the teacher, to the little boy in KG Class. (Hint: Rhymes with ‘bongo’)

Now make some more on your own and ask your classmates to spot the hidden name.-You can do this with any name: that of a lake, mountains, trees, fruits, school items, etc.
Answer.
(a) Teesta (a tributary of Brahmaputra)
(b) Padma
(c) Orange
(d) Niger
(e) Amazon
(f) Indus
(g) the Nile
(h) the Thames
(i) Yellow river
(j) Congo
Do further exercise yourself.

Carry on Detective

(ii) With the help of an atlas, draw each river which you discovered in For fun (/), on an outline map of the world.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Why do so many countries face water scarcity? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Due to the following reasons.

1. Some countries are rocky and stony, and arid.
2. Some do not have much rainfall.
3. Some are desert areas.
4. Most of the water is polluted, of inferior quality.
5. Excessive use of water has depleted water resources.

Question 2.
Is all water on the earth available to us? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
No, only 3% is freshwater. It’s 0.3% is available to us.

Question 3.
Don’t you think we are wasting a precious resource when we use water carelessly? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Yes.

Question 4.
When you are playing throw ball on the beach and the ball falls into the water, what happens? (NCERT Page 34)
Answer.
It goes up and down at its place. It gets back to the shore with the waves.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Water, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.