Murali

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Comprehension Check
(Page 38)

Question 1.
Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of following statements.
(i) Mr. Purcell sold birds, cats, dogs and monkeys. _______________
(ii) He was very concerned about the well-being of the birds and animals in his shop. _______________
(iii) He was impressed by the customer who bought the two doves. _______________
(iv) He was a successful shop owner, though insensitive and cold as a person. _______________
Answer:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) True

Question 2.
Why is Mr. Purcell compared to an owl ?
Answer:
Mr. Purcell wore large glasses. These magnified his eyes which looked like those of an owl. So Mr. Purcell is compared to an owl.

Question 3.
From the third paragraph pick out
(i) words associated with cries of birds,
(ii) words associated with noise,
(iii) words suggestive of confusion and fear.
Answer:
(i) Words associated with cries of birds : twitters, cheeps and squeaks.
(ii) Words associated with noise : stir, rustling, scampered. ‘
(iii) Words suggestive of confusion and fear : squeals, bewildered, frightened.

Question 4.
“…Mr. Purcell heard it no more than he would have heard the monotonous ticking of a familiar clock.” (Read para beginning with “It was a rough day …”)
(i) What does ‘it’ refer to ?
(ii) Why does Mr. Purcell not hear ‘it’ clearly ?
Answer:
(i) ‘It’ refers to the sounds and noise made by the caged animals.
(ii) Mr. Purcell does not hear it clearly because he was quite used to it.

Comprehension Check
(Page 42)

Question 1.
Do you think the atmosphere of Mr. Purcell’s shop was cheerful or depressing ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The atmosphere of Mr. Purcell’s shop was depressing. There were perhaps many beautiful animals. They could, however, bring no cheer to a sensitive person. The reason was that these beautiful creatures were themselves miserable and unhappy. The constant noise could turn a thoughtful man crazy. That was why the strange customer had asked Mr. Purcell, “Doesn’t it get you ?”

Question 2.
Describe the stranger who came to the pet shop. What did he want ? (Imp.)
Answer:
The stranger who came to the pet shop was coming straight from the prison. He had spent ten years there. His total earning of those ten years was five dollars.
He had shiny shoes. His suit was cheap. His dress was ill-fitting but new. He had close-cropped hair and unsteady eyes.
The stranger was not very clear about what he wanted. He had tasted freedom after ten years. Now all he wanted was to share it with someone else. This ‘someone else’ could be any creature. All he wanted was to feel the pleasure of liberty in his heart. So he said that he wanted something in cage but capable of flying.

Question 3.
(i) The man insisted on buying the doves because he was fond of birds. Do you agree ?
(ii) How had he earned the five dollars he had ?
Answer:
(i) No. The man did not love birds. The man had tasted freedom after ten years. He wanted something else also to taste the same freedom. He wanted to see and feel it. So he chose the doves. Their flight could give him a sense of freedom.
(ii) He earned five dollars after working hard as a prisoner for ten years.

Question 4.
Was the customer interested in the care and feeding of the doves he had bought ? If not, why not ?
Answer:
No, the customer was not interested in the care and feeding of the doves. It was so because he was not interested in keeping the doves. He intended to let them go free.

EXERCISES
(Page 42)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
Why, in your opinion, did the man set the doves free ? (Imp.)
Answer:
The man set the doves free in order to have a taste of freedom. The pleasure of liberty can be felt not only by our own freedom. We can feel this pleasure when we see mute animals being free. The man had been released from prison after ten years. This was also his way of saying ‘thanks’ to God. He did it by freeing two of God’s creatures. The cost was too high. It took all the money that he had earned after ten years of labour in prison.

Question 2.
Why did it make Mr. Purcell feel “vaguely insulted” ? (Imp.)
Answer:
Mr. Purcell felt vaguely insulted because of the action of his strange customer. For monetary gains, he had imprisoned so many of God’s creatures. Yet he considered himself a gentleman. Here was a poor man, all his earnings of ten years in prison were five dollars. He spent these five dollars in granting freedom to the doves. Thus by his action, the stranger had shown his contempt for Mr. Purcell’s profession. So it was natural for Mr. Purcell to feel vaguely insulted.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a ruler of an eighteenth-century kingdom. Tell us about the steps you would take to make your position strong in your province, and what opposition or problems you might face while doing so.
Answer.
Steps to be taken to make the position strong in our province:

1. Check on depletion of resources: financial and military.
2. Check or stop wars.
3. Check on powerful mansabdars.
4. No appointment of nobles to control revenue offices and military administration.
5. Not allowing governors to become strong.

Opposition/Problems to be faced while doing so:

1. Opposition from financial officers and military.
2. Problems from nobles/govemors.
3. Problems from mansabdars.
4. Opposition from nobles.
5. Opposition from governors.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
subadar                                                 a revenue farmer
faujdar                                                      a high noble
ijaradar                                                 provincial governor
misl                                                   Maratha peasant warriors
chauth                                            a Mughal military commander
kunbis                                                   a band of Sikh warriors
umara                                                 tax levied by the Marathas
Answer.
Subadar                                                    provincial governor
Faujdar                                              a Mughal military commander
Ijaradar                                                       a revenue farmer
Misl                                                           a band of Sikh warriors
Chauth                                                    tax levied by the Marathas
Kunbi                                                       Maratha peasant warriors
Umar                                                                 a high noble

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the ……………..
2. Umara and zamindars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal …………….
3. Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in ………………
4. The founder of the Awadh state was …………………..

Answer.

1. Deccan
2. nobility
3. eighteenth century.
4. Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa‘adat Khan.

Question 3.
State whether true or false:

1. Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
2. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
3. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
4. Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.

Answer.

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True.

Question 4.
What were the offices held by Saadat Khan?
Answer.
Sa’adat Khan held the offices of Subadari, diwani and faujdari. In other words, he was responsible for managing the political, financial and military affairs of the province of Awadh.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system?
Answer.
The Ncuvabs of Awadh and Bengal tried to do away with the jagirdari system in order to reduce the influence of the Mughals in their states.

Question 6.
How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenth century?
Answer.
Organisation of Sikhs in the 18th century:

1. Regional state-building in Punjab.
2. Guru Gobind Singh fought several battles with Rajput and Mughal rulers.
3. Set Khalsa in 1699.
4. After the death of Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Bahadur rose in revolt • He was captured in 1715 and executed in 1716.
5. Jathas were formed in 18th century.
6. The combined force was known as dal Khalsa.
7. Cultivators paid 20% of this product for their protection.

Question 7.
Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?
Answer.
Marathas wanted to establish their r unquestioned rule over the subcontinent. They also earned untold booty and resources from the wars they fought. Therefore, they wanted to expand beyond Deccan.

Question 8.
What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?
Answer.
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah founded the state of Hyderabad and gained control of financial and political administration:

1. He brought skilled soldiers and administrators from the north and gave them opportunities in the south.
2. He combined the offices of Subadari, faujdari and diwani.
3. He appointed mansabdars and gave them Jagirs.
4. Collected taxes through bankers and mahajans.
5. He ruled independently without seeking directions or interference from Delhi.
6. His decisions were merely confirmed by the Mughal Emperor.

Question 9.
Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?
Answer.

1. Yes, I think that merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century.
2. For example, Reliance Company has entered into electricity distribution in Delhi.
3. It has already installed new electric meters that run much faster than the previous meters.
4. In this way, the common man suffers, as he would have suffered in the 18th century.
5. And the state government won’t do anything in this matter.
6. This proves the merchant/banker connection with governmental authorities.

Question 10.
Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in the twenty-first century?
Answer.
One example:

• Hyderabad (now in Andhra Pradesh)
• Now democracy,
• No dictatorship

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Find out more about the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.
Answer.
Architecture and culture associated with the new courts of the following:
Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad {Any one).

Question 12.
Collect popular tales about rulers from any one of the following groups of people: the Rajputs, Jats, Sikhs or Marathas.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself with the help of your history teacher.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
See Chapter 4, Table 1. Which group of people challenged Mughal authority for the longest time in Aurangzeb’s reign? (NCERT Page 139)
Answer.
Marathas.

Question 2.
In trying to consolidate their rule, why did Mughal Subadars also want to control the office of diwan? (NCERT Page 144)
Answer.
Because they wanted to control the state in toto.

Question 3.
What is the Khalsa? Do you recall reading about it in Chapter 8? (NCERT Page 148)
Answer.

1. Khalsa was set up as a path by Guru Gobind Singh.
2. Yes, we recall it.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this chapter, you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.
An important part of the Constitution says It is the “duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.”
Answer.

1. Living standard:
   • The amount of money and level of comfort available to. a person or community is called living standard.
   • It refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to the people.
   • It is generally measured in terms of real income per person. Examples are access to certain goods like the number of refrigerators per 1000 people and services likes proper healthcare.
2. Public health:
   • Public health means a programme to promote, maintain, and conserve the health of the common people by providing health services to individuals and the community.
   • It includes observation and control of infectious diseases and promotion of healthy behaviours among the members of the community.

Question 2.
What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer.
The government can take steps to provide healthcare for all by taking the following steps:

1. The government can manage money for the total healthcare of the people by cutting the budget amount allocated for the defense, and security of the VIPs.
2. The budget allocation for the health services can be raised.
3. At least 30 to 40 percenter health budget should be given to local self-government, i.e., Panchayats and Municipalities.
4. The government should provide safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition, and housing along with health education to the general public.

Question 3.
What differences do you find between private and public health services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.
Answer.

Question 4.
‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases’. Explain with the help of examples.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Would you associate all or some of these pictures (images on pages 18-19) with ‘health’ In what ways? Discuss in groups. (NCERT Page 19)
Answer.
All these pictures are associated with health. These pictures relate to

1. Sanitary conditions
2. Availability of clean drinking water
3. Health centers
4. Hospital services

Groups can be made and each situation can be discussed.

Question 2.
Pick two situations from the above collage that are not related to illness and write two sentences on how they are related to health. (NCERT Page 19)
Answer.
Picture of the queue of utensils for water collection and of hair cutting.
Availability of pure drinking and properly sanitized instruments for hair cutting is must to prevent illness and stay healthy.

Question 3.
Can you provide a title to the two columns? (NCERT Page 20)
Answer.
The title can be:

• Advancement in health care
• The health situation in India

Question 4.
In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above columns do you think this is true? Discuss. (NCERT Page 20)
Answer.
There are many developments like:

1. The largest number of medical colleges in the world.
2. Approximately 15,000 new doctors every year.
3. About 18,218 hospitals by the year 2000.
4. Extension of medical tourism due to the low cost of treatments.
5. The fourth-largest producer of medicines.

The following are some of the drawbacks of our healthcare:

1. Most doctors settle in urban areas, fewer doctors in rural areas.
2. Two million cases of malaria and five lakh cases of tuberculosis every year.
3. Water-borne communicable diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis on the rise. About 21% have no access to clean water.
4. Half of all children are malnourished.
5. Private health on the rise and the Public health care system has not grown as per the need.

In order to prevent and treat illnesses, we need appropriate healthcare facilities.

1. They are health centres, hospitals, laboratories for testing, ambulance services, blood banks, etc.
2. They can provide the required care and services that patients need.
3. In order to run these facilities, we need health workers, nurses, qualified doctors, and other health professionals who can advise, diagnose, and treat illnesses.

Healthcare Services in India

1. We also need medicines and equipment that are necessary for treating patients.
2. India has a large number of doctors, clinics, and hospitals.
3. It also has considerable experience and knowledge, in running a public healthcare system. This system of hospitals and health centres is run by the government.
4. It has the ability to look after the health of a large section of its population scattered over lakhs of villages.
5. There has been a phenomenal improvement in medical sciences with many new technologies and treatment procedures.

Question 5.
The Story of Hakim Sheik
Hakim Sheik was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in a very serious condition and needed immediate treatment.
He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed. Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. In this way, he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him.
Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he received treatment. He spent a lot of money on his treatment. Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that refused to admit him, Hakim Sheik and PBKMS filed a case in court.

Read the story given above. Then imagine that you are a judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik? (NCERT Page 21)
Answer.
I would pronounce the judgment with due compensation to Hakim Sheik. I would also heavily fine the delinquent hospitals as a deterrent punishment for dereliction of duty.

Question 6.
Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money? Give reasons. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
Ranjan had to spend so much money because of the following reasons:

1. He took treatment at a private nursing home.
2. He had to purchase medicines from the open market.
3. He spent money on consultation, tests, etc.

Question 7.
What problems did Aman face in the public hospital? How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
Problems faced by Aman

1. Non-availability of doctors.
2. Junked and non-operational equipment.
3. Non-availability of medicines.
4. Crowded.
5. The indifference of doctors etc.
6. Proper and strict administration can get the hospital’s work in a better manner.

Question 8.
Where do you go when you are ill? Are there any problems that you face? Write a paragraph based on your experience. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
We generally go to private nursing homes.
Problems

• Non-availability of expert doctors on the spot.
• The high cost of treatment.
• No proper guidance and information.

Question 9.
What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.

1. Private hospitals are not owned or controlled by the government.
2. Patients have to- pay a lot of money for every service.
3. Sometimes incorrect practices are encouraged where patients undergo unnecessary treatments or tests.

Question 10.
Why should we pay taxes to the government? (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
The tax money paid to the government is used for providing public services for all citizens.

1. Services like defense, police judiciary, highways, etc.
2. Developmental programmes like education, health care employment, social welfare.
3. Vocational training for the needy.
4. Rehabilitation after natural disasters.
5. Space, nuclear, or missile programmes.
6. Services to the poor by subsidies on basic amenities.

Question 11.
(a) In what ways is the public health system meant for everyone?
(b) List some Primary Health Centres (PHCs) or hospitals near your place. From your experience (or by visiting any one of them), find out the facilities provided and the people who run the center. (NCERT Page 25)
Answer.
(a) Public health system is meant for everyone in the following ways:

1. Numerous hospitals, primary health centres, dispensaries, family welfare centres.
2. No fee charged.
3. No restrictions on anyone.
4. Free supply of medicine.

(b) As in (a) above to be done with help of the Teacher.

Question 12.
Private health facilities can mean many things. Explain with the help of some examples from your area. (NCERT Page 26)
Answer.
Private Health Services:

1. A wide range of private health facilities exists in our country.
2. Countless doctors run their own private clinics.
3. In rural areas, one finds Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP).
4. Urban areas have a large number of doctors, many of them provide specialised services.
5. There are hospitals and nursing homes that are privately owned.
6. There are many laboratories that do tests and offer special facilities like X-ray, ultrasound, etc.
7. There are also medicines for selling shops. They are called chemist shops or stores.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a member of a nomadic community that shifts residence every three months.
How would this change your life?
Answer.
As a member of nomadic community and shifting residence every three months my life would be very different.

• We would move from one place to another in caravans.
• Our belongings, animals etc. would move with us therefore no permanent houses.
• We would live on milk and pastoral products.
• We would exchange pastoral products for grains, cloth, utensils etc with settled agriculturists.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
garh                                    khel
tanda                               chaurasi
labourer                            caravan
clan                            Garha Katanga
Sib Singh                      Ahom state
Durgawati                           paik
Answer.
garh                                chaurasi
tanda                               caravan
labourer                             paik
clan                                    khel
Sib Singh                      Ahom state
Durgawati                   Garha Katanga

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The new castes emerging within varnas were called .……..
2. …………………. were historical works written by the Ahoms.
3. The ………… mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
4. As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to ………….. and …………..

Answer.

1. Jatis
2. Buranjis
3. Akbar Nama
4. Temples, Brahmanas.

Question 3.
State whether true or false:

1. Tribal societies had rich oral traditions.
2. There were no tribal communities in the north-western part of the subcontinent.
3. The chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.
4. The Bhils lived in the north-eastern part of the subcontinent.

Answer.

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False.

Question 4.
What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Answer.
The following kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists.

• They exchanged milk, other pastoral products such as wool, ghee, etc.
• Agriculturists gave them grain, cloth, utensils, and other products.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
How was the administration of the Ahom state organised?
Answer.
The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were known as peaks.
A census of the population was taken. Each village had to send a number of paiks by rotation.
People of densely populated areas were shifted to thinly populated areas. Ahom clans were thus broken up. By the first half of the 17th century the administration became quite centralised.

Question 6.
What changes took place in a varna-based society?
Answer.
The following changes took place in varna-based society:

1. Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
2. Many tribes and social groups were taken into caste-based society and given the status of jatis.
3. Specialised artisans-smiths, carpenters and masons – were also recognised as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.
4. Jatis rather than varna, became the basis for organising society.
5. Among the Kshatriyas, new Rajput clans became powerful by the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

Question 7.
How did tribal societies change after being organized into a state?
Answer.
The tribal societies changed in the following manner:

1. They began to evolve a centralised administrative system.
2. Some social divisions within a tribal society also took place.
3. Tribal kings began to grant land to Brahmanas, poets, and scholars.
4. Tribal kings also wished to be recognized as other famous kings of the subcontinent, such as.
5. Tribal kingdoms began to annex smaller neighboring kingdoms. For example, Ahom annexed kingdoms of Chhutiyas and Koch- Hajo.
6. In order to build a large state, Ahoms used firearms.
7. Literary development such as translation of Sanskrit works into the local language and writing history in the Ahom language were also new developments.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 8.
Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Answer.
Yes, the Banjaras were the most important nomadic traders and were important for the economy.

1. They were hired by merchants, they bought grain where it was cheaper and carried it to places where it was costlier.
2. From there they took something else for another place.
3. Alauddin Khalji used Banjaras to transport grains to city markets.
4. They found mention in the memoirs of Jahangir and were even used by Mughal army during campaigns.

Question 9.
In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Answer.
The history of the Gonds was different from that of the Ahoms in the following ways:

• The Gonds lived in a vast forested region called Gondwana. The Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra valley from present-day Myanmar in the 13th century.
• The Gonds practised shifting cultivation. The Ahoms did not practice this type of cultivation.
• The Gond society was not as much developed as the Ahom’s. The Ahoms built a large state by using firearms. They could even make high-quality gunpowder and cannons.
• Ahom society was very sophisticated. Poets and scholars were given land grants. Theatre was encouraged. We do not find these things in Gond society.

There were many similarities between the Gonds and Ahoms:

• Both were capable of building large states.
• Both had to face Mughal attack. Despite their brave defence, both were defeated by the Mughals.
•  Both of them granted land to the Brahmanas, who became very influential.
• We find the administration centralised in the history of the Gonds as well as the Ahoms.

LET’S DO

Question 10.
Plot the location of the tribes mentioned in this chapter on a map. For any two, discuss whether their mode of livelihood was suited to the geography and the environment of the area where they lived.
Answer.
Please see the map. The two examples where geography suited their livelihoods are:

Ahom settled in the northeastern part of the country. They experienced heavy rainfall. They introduced new methods of rice cultivation that required more water. They were engaged in building dams and irrigation systems.

Bhils lived in the western part of the country. It had fertile land and forests. By the 16th century many of them led a settled life of agriculturists. Many remained hunter-gathers.

Question 11.
Find out about present-day government policies towards tribal populations and organise a discussion about these.
Answer.
Present-day government policies towards tribal populations are very positive.

• Education is being spread in the tribal areas.
• Facilities like roads, water, electricity have been increased.
• The government is doing activities for the overall upliftment of the tribal populations.
• The government has enforced reservation for them in government jobs. This policy of the government has helped the tribal people in many ways. They are now joining the mainstream of society.
• The government is also determined to protect its cultural and social traditions.

Question 12.
Find out more about present-day nomadic pastoral groups in the subcontinent. What animals do they keep? Which are the areas frequented by these groups?
Answer.
Some of the main present-day nomadic pastoral groups of the subcontinent are-Gujjars (J & K), Gaddis (Himachal), Bhotiyas, Monpas (north-east), Raikas (Rajasthan), Banjaras (Central India), Dhangars (Maharashtra) and Maldharis (Gujarat). These pastoralists keep sheep, buffaloes, camels, etc.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Find out how grain is transported from villages to cities at present. In what ways is this similar to or different from the ways in which the Banjaras functioned? (NCERT Page 95)
Answer.

1. At present grain is transported through bullock carts, buggies, trucks, and tempos. Tractor trollies are extensively used to carry grains.
2. This is different from the ways of the Banjaras as they carried grains on the back of the oxen.

Question 2.
Discuss why the Mughals were interested in the land of the Gonds. (NCERT Page 99)
Answer.

1.  The Mughals were very ambitious. They desired to expand their kingdom in the land of the Gonds.
2. Garha katanga was a rich state. It earned much wealth by trapping and exporting elephants to other kingdoms.
3. The Mughals desired to capture a huge booty of precious coins and elephants {which had great importance in the army) of the Gondwana.

Question 3.
Why do you think the Mughals tried to conquer the land of the Ahoms? (NCERT Page 100)
Answer.
The Mughals tried to conquer the land of Ahoms because of the following reasons:

1. Their land was fertile and produced a variety of crops.
2. The Mughals were engaged in expanding their kingdom.
3. The Ahom state was large and was a source of big revenue.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a Rajput prince. How would you like your story to be told?
Answer.

• Warrior
• Fighter
• Valiant
• True to their clan

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
Anantavarman                          Kerala
Jagannatha                               Bengal
Mahodayapuram                      Orissa
Lilatilakam                                Kangra
Mangalakavya                            Puri
Miniature                                  Kerala
Answer.
Anantavarman                           Orissa
Jagannatha                                 Puri
Mahodayapuram                       Kerala
Lilatilakam                                  Kerala
Mangalakavya                           Bengal
Miniature                                   Kangra

Question 2.
What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in that language.
Answer.
Manipravalam which literally means “diamonds and corals”, refers to the two languages — Sanskrit and the regional language of Kerala. A book dealing with grammar and poetics – Lilatilakam. was written in Manipravalam.

Question 3.
Who were the major patrons of Kathak?
Answer.
Mughals and Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh were the major patrons of Kathak.

Question 4.
What are the important architectural features of the temples of Bengal?
Answer.
The main architectural features of the temples of Bengal are as under:

1. The brick and terracotta temples of Bengal were built with the support of several “low” social groups.
2. Initially, local deities were worshipped in thatched huts in villages.
3. But, as soon as Brahmanas gave recognition to these local deities, temples were built for them.
4. Temples copied the double-roofed or four-roofed structure of the thatched huts.
5. This led to the evolution of the typical Bengali style in temple architecture. For example, “Bangla Dome”.
6. In the complex of four-roofed structures, four triangular roofs placed on the four walls move up to converge on a curved line and a point.
7. Temples were usually built on a square platform.
8. The interior was relatively plain, but the outer walls of many temples were decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles or terracotta tablets.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did minstrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?
Answer.

1. Minstrels preserved the memories of the heroes.
2. Their poems and songs inspired others to follow the examples of the heroes.
3. Ordinary people were also attracted by these stories, songs and poems.
4. These stories have great emotions, loyalties, friendship, love, valour, anger etc.

Question 6.
Why do we know much more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people?
Answer.
Rulers adopted many methods to preserve their achievements, such as minstrels singing their heroic stories, paintings inscriptions, historical worth, a donation to temples, etc., while ordinary people did not do anything to preserve the records of their heroic deeds. Therefore, we know more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people.

Question 7.
Why did conquerors try to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri?
Answer.
The conquerors tried to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri because of the following reasons:

1. Control of the temple would make the local people accept their rule.
2. The temple had huge wealth, collected from offerings.

Question 8.
Why were temples built in Bengal?
Answer.
The temple builders of Bengal wanted to demonstrate their power and proclaim their piety. Therefore, they built temples.

LET’S DO

Question 9.
Describe the most important features of the culture of your region, focusing on buildings, performing arts, and painting.
Answer.
Most Important features of our culture and our region:

1. Hindu culture
2. Worship of gods and goddesses.
3. Celebrations of numerous festivals the year-round.
4. Huge temples.
5. Bhajans and Kirtans.
6. Paintings of gods and goddesses.

Question 10.
Do you use different languages for (a) speaking, (b) reading, (c) writing? Find out about one major composition in language that you use and discuss why you find it interesting.
Answer.
(a) Speaking: Khadi Boli
(b) Reading: Hindi
(c) Writing: Devnagari
Do this yourself with the help of your history teacher.

Question 11.
Choose one state each from north, west, south, east and central India. For each of these, prepare a list of foods that are commonly consumed, highlighting any differences and similarities that you notice.
Answer.

Question 12.
Choose another set of five states from each of these regions and prepare a list of clothes that are generally worn by women and men in each. Discuss your findings.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Find out how many states have been created in the last 10 years. Is each of these states a region? (NCERT Page 122)
Answer.
Three: (in 2000)

• Uttaranchal (Now Uttarakhand)
• Chhattisgarh
• Jharkhand
• Telangana

Yes, each of these states is a region.

Question 2.
Find out when the language(s) you speak at home was first used for writing. (NCERT Page 123)
Answer.
Probably in ninth century.

Question 3.
Find out whether there are traditions of heroes /heroines in your town or village.
What are the qualities associated with them? In what ways are these similar to or different from the heroic ideals of the Rajputs? (NCERT Page 126)
Answer.
One example:

• Yes. Banda Veer Bairagi.
• Brave and fearless.
• Never surrendered to Mughals. He was killed (cut in pieces) by the Mughal emperor.

Question 4.
Find out more about any one of these dance forms. (NCERT Page 127)
Answer.
Kathakali is thfe dance form in which the dancer shows various poses along with singing a religious theme.

Question 5.
Why do you think the second category of texts was not written down? (NCERT Page 132)
Answer.
Because they were recited orally. Their date cannot be confirmed. They were popular in eastern Bengal.

Question 6.
Compare the temple shown here with that in Chapter 2. (NCERT Page 133)
Answer.
The temple shown here has a big Shikhara over a big dome while the temple shown in Chapter 2 is in a triangular shape with numerous statues of gods and goddesses shown on the outer walls.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.